中国注册会计师行业监管研究
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摘要
随着安然、世通等一系列重大财务舞弊案的曝光,以行业自律为主的美国注册会计师行业监管体制的有效性和合理性受到了普遍质疑。在我国,银广厦、麦科特等上市公司的会计造假案也引起社会公众对注册会计师的不满,因此加强对注册会计师行业的监管迫在眉睫。
     独立审计的公共物品性、外部性及信息不对称和审计方法的自身缺陷是对注册会计师行业进行监管的理论基础,而审计委托制度的内在缺陷和会计舞弊现象的严峻性,使得加强对注册会计师行业监管尤为必要。
     注册会计师行业监管体制有行业自律型、政府干预型、独立型几种,各种监管体制都各有其优缺点,并无绝对优劣之分。各国选择何种监管体制,取决于各国的历史、市场经济理念与具体社会经济环境。我国作为一个新兴的市场经济国家,注册会计师行业发展还不成熟,笔者认为我国应选择以政府干预型为主的注册会计师行业监管体制,建议专门成立一个注册会计师行业监管机构,该监管机构应独立于注册会计师行业,并直属于国务院,代替原注册会计师协会的行业监管职能;同时,要完善注册会计师行业外部监管机制,强化注册会计师行业的审计业务质量监督制度,要重视基本制度的建设,逐步完善相关的法律规范。应重点加强对注册会计师和会计师事务所的市场准入监管,提高市场准入的门槛,并通过加强对审计收费方式的监管,来规范审计市场的正常有序运作。
With the exposure of a series financial fraud cases, the validity and rationality of the system of regulation of American CPA profession which relies mainly on self-discipline is queried greatly. In China, the public are discontent to CPA after the fraud cases of some listed companies such as Yinguangxia and Maikete being disclosed, so it is urgent time to strengthen the regulation of CPA profession.
    The basic theories to be used for regulation are the public goods of independent audit, externalism, information asymmetry and the defects of audit methods. It is the defect of the system of audit trust and the current situation of accountants fraud that makes the regulation more necessary.
    There are several types of system of regulation, namely, self-discipline, government interference and independence regulation, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is decided by the countries history, customs of market economy and specific social economic environment when they choose the system of regulation. China is a developing market economy country, and the CPA profession is immature, so I think that it is correct for China to choose the type of government interference as the system of regulation, which is independent of the CPA profession and belongs to the State Council, to replace the administrative function of the CICPA. Besides, China should improve the mechanism of external supervision, strengthen the quality supervision of auditing businesses and the construction of system, and perfect the related laws and rules. Meanwhile, China should strengthen emphatically the regulation of market admittance of CPAs and the public accounting firms, raise the threshold of market admittance and standardize the auditing charges.
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