摘要
以甲基丙烯酸甲酯改性有机硅材料形成的复合硅橡胶,能耐高低温、耐有机试剂,使用方便,因此,在有机硅材料的应用方面具有良好的前景。
本课题采用乳液聚合法以DMC、MMA为原料,合成出甲基丙烯酸甲酯改性有机硅乳液,并在比较添加硅烷偶联剂与不添加硅烷偶联剂所制备的IPN(互穿聚合物网络)乳液的优缺点基础上,提出一种增强有机硅的新方法,即：以DMC为原料采用本体聚合法合成出羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷,添加甲基丙烯酸甲酯使其聚合形成复合粘液并交联成硅橡胶,考察其结构与性能。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析硅橡胶的化学结构,利用电子万能测试机测定硅橡胶的力学性能。
主要研究结果如下：
1、无论采用本体共聚法还是乳液共聚法,硅烷偶联剂的加入都明显改善了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚二甲基硅氧烷这两种聚合物之间的相容性。
2、以DMC为原料,采用本体聚合法合成PDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷)时,水的用量和DMC的聚合时间都会影响羟基硅油的粘度,水的用量越少,DMC的聚合时间越长,羟基硅油的粘度越大；反之,水的用量越多,DMC的聚合时间越短,羟基硅油的粘度越小。另外,MMA聚合前后硅油粘度变化很明显,聚合后的复合粘液粘度大于聚合前的纯硅油粘度。
3、采用本体聚合法制得PMMA/PDMS复合粘液,结果表明：当硅油和MMA的质量比为6：1,MMA最适聚合温度为90℃,引发剂AIBN的用量为占MMA的0.5%时所得的复合粘液最稳定；当交联剂用量为11%,催化剂用量为0.6%时,硫化所得的硅橡胶最好。
4、对纯的硅橡胶和复合硅橡胶进行了结构与力学性能研究,结果表明：与纯硅橡胶相比,复合硅橡胶的拉伸强度有了明显的提高；硅油和MMA的质量比为5：1,采用加入MMA混匀后再升温聚合的方式所得的硅橡胶拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都有很大提高,此外,硅油粘度对硅橡胶的力学性能也有影响,水的用量为1.0%的硅油有较好的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。
本论文在制备复合硅橡胶时,未使用填料作增强剂,而是采用改性的方式用MMA来内增强有机硅材料,使用时只需将复合粘液、交联剂、催化剂三者混合就可以得到具有较好强度的硅橡胶,对于改性室温缩合型硅橡胶的研究具有重要的指导意义。
The composite Silicone Rubber modified with MMA(methyl methacrylate) can endure the high-low temperature and organic reagent. It is convenient when it is used. Therefore, it has a satisfactory prospect in the application and development.
In this study, the MMA/Organic Silicone latex was prepared by the emulsion polymerization with the DMC and MMA. A new method was proposed base on comparing the differences between the kind of IPN latex which included the silane coupling agent and the kind of IPN(interpenetrating polymer networks) latex which did not include the silane coupling agent. The new method was that hydroxyl-terminated PDMS(polydimethylsiloxane) was synthesized by the bulk polymerization with DMC, the composite mucus was prepared after adding the MMA, and the Silicone Rubber was obtained. The chemical constitution was analyzed by the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical properties was tested by the electronic universial testing machine. Main results were as follows:
1. Whether the emulsion polymerization or the bulk polymerization, the silane coupling agent can clearly improve the compatibility between PMMA and PDMS.
2. The viscosity of PDMS changes with the amount of water and polymerization time, the less the amount of water and the longer the polymerization time of DMC, the higher the viscosity of PDMS. Moreover, the viscosity of PDMS was changed before and after MMA was polymerized, the viscosity of composite mucus was higher than the pure PDMS.
3. The PMMA/PDMS composite mucus was synthesized by bulk polymerization. The result showed that when the mass ratio of PDMS and the MMA was 6:1, the amount of initiator (AIBN) was 0.5% and the polymerization temperature of MMA was 90℃, the mucus was the most stable. The Silicone Rubber had the best function when the cross-linking agent was 11% and the activator was 0.6%.
4. The mechanical properties of the pure silicone rubber and composite silicone rubber were researched. The results showed that the composite silicone rubber had better tensile strength than the pure silicone rubber; The tensile strength and breaking elongation rate of the composite silicone rubber were largely improved while the mass ratio of PDMS and the MMA was 5:1 and heated up after mixed. Moreover, we discovered that the viscosity of PDMS also can affect the mechanical properties of the silicone rubber. The PDMS with the water amount was 1.0% had better tensile strength and breaking elongation rate.
In this study, the composite silicone rubber without filler was synthesized with the modified method. The higher strength silicone rubber was obtained through blending the composite mucus, the cross-linking agents and the activator.There will be significant for improving the Room Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber (RTV).
引文
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