摘要
在1994年美国北岭地震和1995年日本阪神地震中,发生了大量钢框架梁柱节点的脆性破坏。这个现象引发了国内外的大量试验研究和数值模拟研究。计算机软件和硬件的飞速发展,为钢框架结构震害的计算机模拟创造了条件。地震反应的计算机模拟可以为工程结构抗震研究提供了强有力的工具。钢框架结构地震反应的计算机模拟不仅可以为解释钢框架梁柱节点破坏现象提供依据,而且可以为建筑结构抗震设计提供工具。
梁柱节点焊缝断裂是钢框架结构震害中的典型破坏模式,本课题研究的目标是对钢框架结构这种典型的震害进行计算机模拟。要模拟钢框架结构的震害,就必须准确地确定构件和节点的刚度。地震荷载作用与静力荷载作用相比,构件、节点和整个体系的刚度并没有多大变化,因此本课题首先研究静力荷载作用下梁柱节点的刚度,建立节点模型。再通过模拟静力循环荷载作用下梁柱节点滞回性能,来间接验证该模型能否模拟地震荷载作用下梁柱节点滞回性能。然后,结合断裂力学研究了梁柱节点焊缝的断裂性能。最终,建立模型对钢框架结构典型震害进行模拟。
本文主要研究内容和相应的研究成果概括如下:
1通过对钢框架结构在静力竖向荷载和水平荷载作用下破坏现象和规律的分析,说明梁柱节点受力大、强度低是造成地震中大量钢框架结构房屋梁柱节点焊缝开裂的主要原因。
2通过试验结果与有限元模型计算结果的比较,验证可以用壳元有限元模型来研究梁柱节点性能,实体有限元模型能很好模拟接触问题和预拉力问题,混凝土有限元模型能够较好的模拟混凝土结构的抗压强度高和抗拉强度低的特性。
3分别对工字梁与H型钢柱翼缘连接节点、工字梁与H型钢柱腹板连接节点和工字梁与箱形柱连接节点,在静力荷载作用下的刚度、强度和变形特点进行了研究。
基于1978年Krawinkler提出的节点域模型和一维边界面理论,建立了工字梁与H型钢柱翼缘连接节点模型。
根据对工字梁与H型钢柱腹板连接的节点域和梁翼缘连接板刚度、强度和变形特点的研究,建立了工字梁与H型钢柱腹板连接节点的模型。
根据对工字梁与箱形柱连接的节点域和隔板刚度、强度和变形特点的研
In the Northridge earthquake in 1994 and the Kobe earthquake in 1995, widespread and unpredicted brittle fractures were found in weld steel beam-column connections (weld-flange-bolted-web connections). The research on behaviors of beam to column connections has been a hot spot in the recent several years. Software and hardware for computers are developing at very fast speed. It creates a condition of computer simulation of seismic damage to steel frames. Computer simulation of earthquake response can provide a powerful tool for seismic research. Computer simulation of earthquake response of steel frames can provide a basis for seismic design of steel frames. Computer simulation has important meaning to seismic strengthening and seismic damage prediction.
Fractures in the weld root on column fusion face are typical earthquake damage to steel frames. The object of this paper is computer simulation of typical seismic damage to steel frame structures. The stiffness, strength and behavior of different kinds of beam-column connections were investigated. Finite element analyses were used to study fracture toughness in welded beam-column connections. The influence of concrete slabs on behavior of beam-column connections was also investigated. A simplified model was developed to simulate seismic damage to steel frames.
The main contests and conclusions are listed as follows:
1 The failure modes and location of steel frame were analyzed under static loads. The failure modes included strength failure and stability failure. The failure modes of steel frame were introduced under earthquake loads. The reasons of earthquake failures were analyzed. Gravity and seismic moments on connection were compared. Results show that low-rise steel frame structures can ignore fracture of bottom beam flange in the low seismic intensity area.
2 Build up the finite element model. Through comparing the shell element result to the test result, it proved feasible in shell element model to get the behavior of beam-column connections under monotonic and cyclic loads. Through comparing the solid element result to the test result, it proved exact in the solid element model to get the behavior of weld-flange-bolted-web
引文
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