摘要
恶臭污染因被全世界公认为七大环境公害之一而越来越受到全世界人民的重视。恶臭气体中的含硫恶臭气体以其嗅觉阈值低、涉及的行业广泛、毒性大而备受关注。为了开发出新型环保高效的处理恶臭气体的方法,本文采用自制的微波发生装置及无极紫外碘灯(Microwave Discharge Electrodeless Lamp-I_2,MDEL-I_2)进行了处理常温常压下流动态CS_2和H_2S两种含硫恶臭气体的实验室阶段的研究。
本文初步考察了微波无极碘灯(内充碘2mg、氪气2torr)的发光性能。进而研究了微波无极紫外碘灯在不同影响因素(包括气体初始浓度、气体停留时间、电源输入功率等)下降解CS_2气体的效果,同时分析了各个实验条件下CS_2的绝对处理量和产能。最后本文初步探究了CS_2光降解产物以及光降解的反应机理。实验结果表明:
微波无极碘灯可产生207nm的紫外辐射,并在300nm-400nm的范围内有丰富的发光带,其中峰值出现在327nm、342nm、359nm和387nm处。CS_2主要吸收207nm以及313nm附近的紫外辐射而发生光降解。
在其他试验条件相同的情况下,CS_2气体的降解率随着初始浓度的增加而增大,随着气体停留时间的增加而增大,随着输入功率的提高而增大。从能量利用率的利用来看,CS_2的绝对处理量和产能随着气体初始浓度的提高而增加,并随着输入功率的提高而增加,最后趋于稳定;随着气体停留时间的增加,绝对处理量和产能都有减小的趋势,但当气体停留时间很小(0.59s、0.52s)时,由于降解率低,绝对处理量和产能值反而减小。在CS_2的初始浓度148.7mg/m3、气体停留时间1.19s、输入功率807W的条件下,CS_2的光降解效率达到96.0%,其绝对处理量为60.5μg/s,产能为270.1 mg/kWh。
同时,本文考察了不同条件对H_2S气体的降解效果的影响。通过实验可以看出:当气体通过微波碘灯的停留时间为1.19s,电源输入功率为807W时,H_2S初始浓度为9.73 mg/m3时,H_2S气体的降解率可以达到71.43%。随着H_2S初始浓度的提高,其降解效率呈下降的趋势。但绝对处理量与产能有增大的趋势。在电源输入功率和H_2S初始浓度一定的条件下,随着H_2S在紫外辐射区域的停留时间增加,H_2S的降解率呈升高趋势。但是也同时增加了反应体系的能耗,绝对处理量和产能都因此降低了。
Odor Pollution is one of the biggest seven environmental nuisances in the world,for this reason it receives more and more attentions from all of the worlds. Odor Gas which has the element Sulfur is paid close attention to because of its low threshold of smell, extensive use and its toxicity. In order to explore the new method to deal with the Odor Gas, which method is more environmental and has higher efficiency. The degrability of CS_2 and H_2S by the Microwave Discharge Electrodeless Lamp-I_2(MDEL-I_2) was studied under normal pressure and temperature.
The luminous performance of the MDEL-I_2 (I_2 2mg, Kr 2 torr) was discussed in the beginning. Then the removal efficiency of CS_2 by MDEL-I_2 under different conditions, such as initial concentrations of CS_2, gas retention time (GRT) and input powers, together with Absolute Removal Amount and Energy Yield, was also studied. In the end, the photolysis products and the photolysis mechanism of CS_2 was analyzed in a preliminary level. The experimental results indicate:
The MDEL-I_2 was capable to emit UV radiation of 207nm and it also showed an emission band from 300nm to 400nm, the peak values being 327nm, 342nm, 359nm and 387nm. CS_2 could be photodegraded after absorbing the UV radiation of 207nm and 313nm.
Other experimental conditions being the same, the removal efficiency of CS_2 was increased with increasing initial CS_2 concentrations, increasing gas retention time and increasing input power. From the perspective of energy utilization, the Absolute Removal Amount(ARA) and Energy Yield(EY) of CS_2 was increased with increasing initial CS_2 concentrations and increasing input powers, and ARA and EY became steady after the input power reached 567W. With increasing GRT, ARA and EY was reduced, however, when the GRT values became very small, ARA and EY dropped. The removal efficiency of CS_2 was 96.0% with the initial CS_2 concentration of 148.7mg/m3, GRT of 1.19s and input power of 807W, and ARA and EY were 60.5μg/s and 270.1 mg/kWh, respectively.
At the same time,this paper makes an on-the-spot investigation at the influence from different conditions to the The removal efficiency of H_2S.We can see from the result of the experiments:when the gas retention time in the Microwave Discharge Electrodeless Lamp-I_2 was 1.19s, the input power was 807W and the initial H_2S concentration was 9.73mg/m3,the removal efficiency of H_2S reached 71.43%.with the increase of the initial H_2S concentration. The removal efficiency of H_2S was reduced with increasing initial H_2S concentrations.But the Absolute Removal Amount(ARA) and Energy Yield(EY) of H_2S was increased with increasing initial H_2S concentrations. As the input power and the initial H_2S concentration being the same, the removal efficiency of H_2S was increased with decreasing gas retention time. But the removal efficiency of H_2S was reduced with increasing gas retention time by the increasing energy waste of system.
引文
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