摘要
随着现代汽车产业和电子技术的迅猛发展,汽车电子设备不断增多,汽车综合控制系统也越来越复杂,基于独立线束的直接控制已经远远不能满足增强汽车的驾驶性能、提高汽车可靠性、方便维修等方面的要求。汽车总线网络为解决这一系列问题提供了有效的方法。在汽车总线网络中,本地互联网络(LIN)提供了一种低速率、低成本的汽车车身控制总线技术。LIN是对车载控制网络进行分级的启动因素,驱动控制网络可选用CAN等总线技术,而LIN总线则是车身控制网络的较好方案。LIN联盟从LIN v1.1规范开始,对LIN规范已经做了五次更新,LIN规范在不断完善,功能也不断增强。最新的LIN v2.1规范支持信号组和总线诊断功能,特别适合作为车身控制网络的协议。
本文以轿车的车身控制网络为开发对象,设计了基于LIN v2.1总线规范的汽车车身控制网络,详细论述了车载网络的拓扑结构和节点控制方案,根据控制对象的特点设计了五条LIN总线:车灯雨刮控制LIN总线、车门车窗控制LIN总线、车顶灯控制LIN总线、无线遥控控制LIN总线、座椅控制LIN总线,并使用德国Vector Informatik公司的CANoe软件对所设计的车载网络进行仿真,编写了LDF(LIN描述文件)文件,对各条LIN总线进行性能分析和功能仿真;完成了车载网络仿真的可视化界面的设计,显示各节点的控制状态;最终得到各条LIN总线仿真运行的各项数据,其结果达到设计要求。最后,给出了车载LIN控制网络的实现方法。本文提出的方法缩短了车身控制网络的开发周期,节约了开发成本,实现了设计的可测试性。
最后对汽车网络技术的发展做了较为全面的总结和展望。随着汽车舒适性要求越来越高,车内智能节点数目不断增加,采用LIN总线设计车载网络的方案将使大量节点间的互连变得简单、且性能良好,因此是较好的车载网络的设计方案。
With the modern automobile industry and the electronic technology's swift development, the automobile electronic equipments increases continuously that results the automobile's controlled system more and more complicated. The direct controller in a single line can't satisfy the demands, such as: improvement of the performance in the automobile, the reliability's enhancement and the convenience of maintenance and etc. The emergence of the automobile controller bus network provides an effective way for the series of problems. LIN (Local Interconnect Network) carries on a very low speed rate, low cost implement method. It is the key to start the classification of network in automobile. CAN is chosen for the driving controlling network, but LIN is the better way for the comfortable network. LIN alliance has modified the LIN specification for five times: the first version 1.0 and later to the 1.1,1.2, and 1.4. When up to 2.1, some special function adds in the LIN, such as signals array and bus diagnostic specification.
To design the controllers' network of automobile as the purpose, the paper puts forward an automobile controlling network based on LIN v2.1 specification and has carried on the detail description in network constitution and controlling method. Five LIN bus is designed: the lights, windows and doors, roof lights, the remote radio and the seats controlled LIN bus. The network is simulated by the software CANoe that researched by a German company named Vector Informatik. Through the software, LDF files are written; Visual interface is finished to show the controlling status. The function parameters and quality of the network can both get through simulation which achieves the pre-design. Compared with the normal scheme, the cost has been lowered; Cycle is shortened and design can be tested.
In the end, the overall summary and forwards expectation is given. With the requirement of comfort in the automobile, more intelligent nodes are needed; LIN can simplify the design of the bus and lower down the cost and is a better solution!
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