摘要
本研究以海兰褐(Hy-line)蛋鸡为试验对象,研究不同剂量苜草素对产蛋前期(28-35周龄)和产蛋后期(58-65周龄)生产性能、蛋品质、鸡蛋常规营养成分、蛋黄胆固醇含量和血脂指标的影响,旨在为苜草素在蛋鸡生产中的应用提供理论依据。
研究方法:
本研究包括2个阶段试验,产蛋前期(28-35周龄)和产蛋后期(58-65周龄),每个阶段试验分别选用28周龄和58周龄海兰褐(Hy-line)蛋鸡各384只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。处理Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别在基础日粮中添加苜草素500mg/kg、1000 mg/kg、1500mg/kg。比较各处理蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质、鸡蛋常规营养成分、蛋黄胆固醇含量和血脂指标。
试验结果:
1.生产性能:在产蛋前期(28-35周龄),添加苜草素对生产性能无显著性影响(P>0.05),其中苜草素1000mg/kg组的产蛋率最高,比对照组提高1.79%(P>0.05),苜草素500mg/kg平均蛋重最高,料蛋比和平均日耗料量最低,分别比对照组提高0.60%(P>0.05),降低1.88%(P>0.05)、0.34%(P>0.05);在产蛋后期(58-65周龄),添加苜草素显著提高产蛋率,降低料蛋比(P<0.05),其中苜草素1000mg/kg组的产蛋率最高,比对照组提高2.69%(P<0.05),料蛋比最低,比对照组降低3.29%(P<0.05)。
2.蛋品质:在产蛋前期(28-35周龄),苜草素500mg/kg、1000mg/kg组对蛋壳强度的影响都有增高的趋势(P>0.05),苜草素1500mg/kg组的蛋壳强度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);苜草素500mg/kg、1000mg/kg组对蛋壳厚度的影响均有增高的趋势(P>0.05)。三个苜草素处理组的哈氏单位、蛋形指数、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄指数与对照组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在产蛋后期(58-65周龄),添加苜草素显著提高蛋壳强度(P<0.05),苜草素500mg/kg、1000mg/kg组对蛋壳厚度的影响均有增高的趋势(P>0.05)。三个苜草素处理组的哈氏单位、蛋形指数、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄指数与对照组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。
3.鸡蛋营养成分:在产蛋前期(28-35周龄)和后期(58-65周龄),添加苜草素对蛋白质含量无显著性影响(P>0.05),但苜草素500mg/kg、1000mg/kg组对蛋白质含量的影响均有增高的趋势(P>0.05)。添加苜草素对鸡蛋粗脂肪、钙、磷和水分含量均无显著性影响(P>0.05)。
4.蛋黄胆固醇:在产蛋前期(28-35周龄)和后期(58-65周龄),添加苜草素对蛋黄胆固醇无显著性影响(P>0.05),但苜草素500mg/kg、1000mg/kg组对蛋黄胆固醇含量的影响均有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。
5.血脂指标:在产蛋前期(28-35周龄)和后期(58-65周龄),添加苜草素对血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)无显著性影响(P>0.05)。
结论:
1.苜草素作为一种纯植物提取物添加剂,具有提高蛋鸡产蛋率,降低料蛋比的作用,对后期的影响比前期明显,而苜草素对平均蛋重和平均日耗料量无显著性影响。
2.苜草素能显著提高蛋壳强度,对蛋壳厚度的影响有增高的趋势,后期的影响比前期明显,而苜草素对哈氏单位、蛋形指数、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄指数无显著性影响。
3.苜草素对鸡蛋常规营养成分无显著性影响。
4.苜草素对蛋黄胆固醇含量的影响有降低的趋势,对血脂指标无显著性影响。
5.适宜的添加剂量为500-1000 mg/kg
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of polysavone (extract from alfalfa) on performance, egg quality, nutritional components of egg、egg yolk cholesterol concentration and serum lipid parameters in early and late period of laying hens.
Research method:
The study was divided into two stages, each 384 Hy-line brown laying hens aged 28weeks and 58 weeks were randomly assigned to 4 groups, each treatmen included 6 replicates, 16 layers per replicate. TtreamentⅠwas the control group fed with basal diet, treatment II、Ⅲ、Ⅳfed with the basal diet supplemented with polysavone 500, 1000 and 1500mg/kg to investigate the effects on performance、egg quality、nutritional components of egg、egg yolk cholesterol concentration and serum lipid parameters.
Results:
1.Performance:polysavone had no significant effect on performance(P>0.05) in early period of laying hens, the laying rate in 1000mg/kg polysavone was best,it increased by 1.79%(P>0.05)compared with control group, the average egg weight in 500mg/kg polysavone was best,the feed/egg ratio and average daily feed was lowest,compared with control group,they increased by 0.60%,and decreased by 1.88%、0.34%, but had no significant difference(P>0.05).Polysavone significantly increased laying rate and decreased the feed/egg ratio(P<0.05) in late period of laying hens, the laying rate in 1000mg/kg polysavone was best, and the feed/egg ratio was lowest, they increased by 2.69%(P<0.05),and decreased by 3.29%(P<0.05)compared with control group.
2.Egg quality: 500mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg polysavone had the trend to increase shell strength during the early period of laying hen(sP>0.05),1500mg/kg polysavone was significantly (P<0.05) higher than control group. 500mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg polysavone had the trend to increase shell thicknes(sP>0.05). Haugh unit, egg shape index,yolk color and yolk index in three addition of polysavone had no significant difference(P > 0.05). Polysavone significantly increased eggshell strength (P<0.05) in late period of laying hens. 500mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg polysavone had the trend to increase shell thickness(P>0.05). Haugh unit, egg shape index,yolk color and yolk index in three addition of polysavone had no significant difference(P>0.05).
3. Nutritional components of egg:Polysavone had no significant effect on the protein content in early and late period of laying hens,but 500 mg/kg、1000mg/kg polysavone had the trend to increase the protein content..Three polysavone treatment had no significant difference(P >0.05) of crude fat、calcium and phosphorus content.
4. Egg yolk cholesterol concentration:Polysavone had no significant (P>0.05) effect on egg yolk cholesterol concentration,but the addition of polysavone 500 mg/kg、1000mg/kg had the trend to decrease egg yolk cholesterol concentration(P>0.05) 5.Serum lipid parameters: Polysavone had no significant (P>0.05) effects on serum TG、TC、HDL-C and LDL -C
conclusion
1.It was concluded that polysavone(extract from alfalfa )adding to diet improved the laying rate , decreased feed/egg ratio of laying hens,the early period was obvious than late period. Polysavone had no significant (P>0.05) effects on average egg weight and average daily feed intake.
2. Polysavone could significantly improve eggshell strength, also it had the trend to increase eggshell thickness, the early period was obvious than late period. Polysavone had no significant effects on Haugh unit, egg shape index,yolk color and yolk index.
3. Polysavone had no significant effect on nutritional components of egg.
4. Polysavone had the trend to decrease egg yolk cholesterol concentration, and it had no significant effects on serum lipid parameters.
5. The suitable concentration of Polysavone was 500mg/kg to 1000mg/kg.
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