摘要
本试验旨在研究玉米赤霉烯酮对雌性断奶仔猪生产性能、免疫功能和器官发育的影响。选用21日龄体重相近(6.77±0.46 kg)的三元雌性仔猪(长白×斯格)20头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其它三个试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)1 mg/kg、2 mg/kg和3 mg/kg。试验期中对采食量体重等数据进行记录和阴户大小观察测量,试验进行18 d,试验结束采集仔猪血液并屠宰,进行血液指标测定和器官发育研究。
玉米赤霉烯酮对仔猪生产性能影响研究表明:日粮中添加ZEA对仔猪的平均日增重,饲料转化效率和屠宰率没有影响(P>0.05),表明18天的试验期间,仔猪的生长性能不会因日粮中存在的玉米赤霉烯酮而受到影响。
玉米赤霉烯酮对仔猪免疫功能影响研究证明:日粮中添加ZEA对仔猪血清中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)和白球比(A/G)(P>0.05)几项血液指标均无影响,表明ZEA没有影响到肝脏的蛋白合成功能,没有对仔猪免疫功能产生负面影响。提高了淋巴细胞比例(P<0.05),降低了中性粒细胞比例(P<0.05),说明玉米赤霉烯酮能够明显减轻早期断奶仔猪的炎性反应,有效提高仔猪外周血淋巴细胞水平,增强细胞和体液免疫功能。仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白IgG和IgM含量显著提高(P<0.05);白细胞记数增加(P<0.05);仔猪胸腺指数和脾脏指数显著提高(P<0.05),说明,ZEA对仔猪免疫功能存在一定的提高作用。
玉米赤霉烯酮对仔猪生殖器官发育影响研究证明:日粮中添加ZEA可造成仔猪阴户红肿增大(P<0.05)和生殖器官增大的效果(P<0.05),且阴户红肿和生殖器官增大效果同玉米赤霉烯酮的摄入量密切相关。
玉米赤霉烯酮对仔猪内脏器官发育影响研究证明:仔猪日粮中添加ZEA不对仔猪心脏、肺脏和消化道产生影响(P>0.05),但能够显著增加仔猪肝脏、脾脏和肾脏的重量(P<0.05)。表明玉米赤霉烯酮能够提高仔猪肾脏、肝脏和脾脏重量,对仔猪肾脏、肝脏和脾脏发育产生影响。
以上研究表明,使用1～3 mg/kg玉米赤霉烯酮饲喂仔猪18天,其不会影响仔猪生产性能,但可以使雌性断奶仔猪出现阴户红肿和雌性器官增大的效果,对仔猪的免疫功能存在提高作用,并影响到肝脏、脾脏和肾脏器官的发育。
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zearalenone on growth performance,immunological parameter and organ development of weaned piglets. Twenty early weaned piglets with an average initial weight of 6.77±0.46 kg, weaned at 21 d of age ,were divided into four treatments(five pigs per treatment). The control treatment received control diet without added zearalenone, the other three treatments were fed diets added 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg of zearalenone separately. The trail lasted for 18 days. The data of feed intake and week gain would be taken down.And the vulvas size would be measured. At the end of the trail, blood samples would be taken and then all piglets would be killed.The result shows that:
In the study of growth performance: There were no significant differences between treatments in ADG (Average Daily Gain) , ADFI (Average daily feed intake)and the F/G (Feed/Gain)(P>0.05). The data indicated that growth performance of piglets was not impacted by the added ZEA in the diets.
In the study of immunological function: There were no differences between treatments in the concentration of serum TP, ALB, GLO, A/G (P>0.05), while the serum IgG and IgM concentrations ,the leucocyte and lymphocyte in the serum , thymus index and spleen index were linerly increased as dietary zearalenone increased (P<0.05), but the serum neutrophil was decreased(P<0.05). These data indicated that the immunological function of piglets could be improved by the added ZEA in the diets.
In the study of reproductive organ: Reproductive organ weight and reproductive organ index were significantly increased(P<0.01). All the five piglets in the treatment fed diets added 3 mg/kg of zearalenone showed the sign of reddening and edema of the vulva in the end of the trail. The reproductive organs were significantly increased linearly as dietary zearalenone increased(P<0.05). The data indicated that the piglets showed the sign of oestrogenism.
In the study of organ: There were no differencs in the weight of heart,lung and digestive tract (P>0.05). There were significant increases in the weight of spleen,liver and kidney (P<0.05).
The result suggusted that ZEA added in the diets had no effact in the growth performances,while enhanced the the immunological function and enlarged the weight of liver,kidney,spleen and reproductive organ. And the clinical symptom of oestrogenism were observed in the piglets consuming ZEA.
引文
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