摘要
随着经济的发展，客车空调装置被越来越多地采用，但我国目前空调客车装置仍处于初级阶段，只能满足客室温度的调节，而对室内空气品质的监测与控制还没有得到重视，但室内空气品质恶化的矛盾却已凸显，针对这种情况本文作了如下研究：
首先，再充分分析了国内外空调暖通新技术的基础上，分析了我国客车空调装置的现状、存在的主要问题，即新风量不足是目前我国客车空调系统存在的主要问题。
其次，系统地研究了变风量空调系统，从其基本概念、主要形式、特点及典型系统的应用作了具体的分析和研究，并系统分析了PLC控制的基本原理、方法，找到了变风量系统和PLC控制技术与客车空调系统地结合点，为客车空调系统的改良打下了理论基础。
最后，在理论分析的基础上，提出了具体的解决方案，在客车空调装置中不仅实现了温度调节，同时将新风量、室内压力作为调节对象，实现在不同客流状态下的变风量调节，提高了客室内的空气质量，在试验中取得了良好的效果。
但由于元器件的限制和现场应用的限制，系统还不甚完善，有待于继续改进，但对变风量系统在空调客车上的应用进行了有益的探讨。
More and more air-conditioned installations on coaches are being adopted with the development of the economy, but the present air-conditioned installations on coaches in our country are still at the elementary stage, which can only fit in with the regulation of indoor coach temperature, but much attention has not yet been paid to the supervision and control over the air quality within sleeping cars. And the contradictions of worsening air quality in indoor sleeping cars are clearly protruding, against which the following research has been done in this article.
First of all, on the basis of analyzing the new technology of warm ventilation on air-conditioned coaches both at home and abroad and analyzing the main existing problems concerning air-conditioned installations on passenger cars in our country, the chief problem, at present, is the insufficient in air volume in air-condition system on passenger cars in our country.
Secondly, air-condition system of air-change volume has been systematically researched and detailed analysis of research has been done concerning the applications of typical systems, basic conceptions, main patterns as well as traits. At the same time the basic principles and methods of PLC control have been systematically analyzed so as to find out the junction of the air-change system and the technique of PLC control in combination with the air-condition system on passenger cars and fine theoretical basis has been laid for the air-condition system on passenger cars.
Finally, based on the theoretical analysis, detailed solutions have been put forward. Thus, the temperature regulation in air-conditioned installations on passenger cars has not only been put into practice, but meanwhile, fresh air volume and indoor pressure
have been regulated as the object so that the regulation of variable air volume of the air-condition installations on passenger cars under different passenger-flow conditions has been made, and as a result, the air quality within sleeping cars has been improved. Therefore, very good results have been achieved in tests.
But owing to the restriction of components and practical applications, the above-mentioned system is not very well perfected and improvements remain to made, anyhow, a useful study has been made on the application of the system of variable air volume on air-conditioned passenger cars.
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