摘要
低温低浊水净化是给水处理中的难点问题,而黄河水体在静沉后表现出的低温低浊特性又有其特殊性,实际工艺运行表明,其混凝特性有待进一步探讨。本课题以实际水厂为研究对象,针对其运行不佳的现状,通过对原水分析、实验室机理探讨、现场中试试验三个阶段进行研究工作,利用物理化学、动力学、形态学阶段控制描述混凝过程,并最后确定最优的控制参数。
论文通过小试和中试试验进行了混凝剂(PAC、Al2(SO)3、PFC、FeCl3)、助凝剂(PAM、活化硅酸、PAC)的优选及抗冲击负荷试验,确定最佳混凝剂为PAC,投加量5.8mg/L,沉后水浊度和残余铝分别为0.94NTU和0.18mg/L。最佳药剂组合为PAC+PAM,投加量分别为5.8mg/L和0.5mg/L,连续运行表明,沉后水浊度≤0.5NTU,保证率100%,残余铝0.08mg/L。抗冲击负荷试验表明,其处理水量在(0.8~1.4)Q的范围内变化时,沉淀后水质通常可控制在0.5NTU以下,残余铝控制在0.1mg/L以下。以上数据均在原水温度低于5℃的条件下获得,试验工艺对引黄低温低浊原水具有较强的适应性。
论文以引黄低温低浊水体为代表,通过混凝烧杯试验进行动力学小试研究,采用分形维数、颗粒粒径、浊度等指标进行絮凝效果分析,认为絮凝工艺宜分为三级,并确定了各阶段Fr的最佳值:第一级为0.03,第二级为0.01,第三级为0.003;通过中试试验验证并确定了各级工艺的最佳Fr范围:第一级,0.015~0.05;第二级,0.006~0.022;第三级,0.003~0.009。中试试验证明,在原水温度<5℃、浊度<10NTU且不投加助凝剂的条件下,絮凝池末端絮体分形维数可达1.72,沉淀池出水直径在10μm以下的颗粒占全部颗粒的90%以上,而大于50μm的颗粒不足1%,说明絮凝工艺对系统中形成的颗粒具有较高的去除率。
论文从工艺学、动力学的角度分析了黄河水厂运行状况不佳的原因,通过试验得出了合理的设计参数,同时证明了合理的工艺分级及动力学参数能解决该原水的混凝问题。在原水温度<5℃、浊度<10NTU且不投加助凝剂的条件下,试验工艺与原工艺对比发现,在絮体分形维数(Df)、颗粒粒径(df)、出水水质、能量消耗、稳定性等方面前者均有较大优势,其中,试验工艺絮凝池末端矾花Df、df分别为1.72、0.52mm,比原工艺提高了8%、63%,沉淀池出水浊度降低了66%,能耗降低了75%,且出水水质稳定。
论文提出的引黄低温低浊水混凝过程控制理论与方法,为分析、设计和改造混凝工艺提供了科学依据,用于生产实践,不仅可以提高混凝工艺的处理效率和运行稳定性,改善水质,同时还可节约工程占地面积、节省工程投资和降低运行费用,具有很好的社会效益和经济效益。
The low temperature and low turbidity water is a populer concern in water treatment. Yellow River water as a kind of low temperature and low turbidity water body shows special characteristics after static settling, whose coagulation precipitation characteristic waits for further discussing, as the actual process operation indicating. Taking the actual waterworks as object, in view of its operation bad present situation, through three stages of analysising raw water, discussing the laboratory mechanism, and pilot scale test to carry on the research work, descriptes coagulation proess by physical chemistry, dynamics, the morphology stage control, and determines the ptimal controlled parameters finally, in reseach.
Through the laboratory scale and pilot scale tests in the research about optimization and resistance to impact load of coagulant (PAC, Al2(SO)3, PFC, FeCl3) and coagulant aids (PAM, the activation silicic acid, PAC), to determine that the best coagulant is PAC, whose dosing quantity is 5.8mg/L, the turbidity and the remaining aluminum respectively are 0.94NTU and 0.18mg/L after sinking. The best medicament combination is PAC+PAM, dosing quantity is 5.8mg/L and 0.5mg/L, making turbidity≤0.5NTU, guarantee rate 100%, remaining aluminum 0.08mg/L after sinking, while continuous running indicates. The the experiment of hydraulic and organic shock shows that when treatment capacity change bettwen 0.8Q and 1.4Q, turbidity usually below 0.5NTU and remaining aluminum control below 0.1mg/L after precipitation. The above data are all getted in a temperature lower than 5℃, so the experimental process can well adapt to the low temperature and low turbidity water diverted from the Yellow river.
The paper take the low temperature and low turbidity water diverted from the Yellow river as representative, carries on cationic organic polymer flocculants to study the kinetics, using fractal dimensions, the particle size, turbidity and so on, to be the standard of flocculation efficiency analysising. The flocculation craft divides into suitably third level, and has determined the various stages Fr best value: The first level is 0.03, the second level is 0.01, the third level is 0.003; Confirmed and has determined all levels of craft best Fr through the experimental experiment the scope: The first level, 0.015~0.05; The second level, 0.006~0.022; The third level, 0.003~0.009. Experimental experimental proof, in raw water temperature <5℃, turbidity <10NTU, and does not throw adds the coagulant aids under the condition, the flocculation pond terminal cotton wool body fractal dimension may reach 1.72, the sedimentation pond water leakage diameter, in 10μm the following pellet occupies the complete pellet above 90%, but is bigger than 50μm pellet insufficient 1%, explained that the flocculation craft the pellet which forms to the system in has the high elimination rate.
The reseach analysis the reason of experimental waterworks working uptight in the view of technology and kinetics, give the most rational design parameters through experimental, and proven that the reasonable craft graduation and dynamics parameter can solve the problem of processing raw water. Under the condition that raw water temperature <5℃, turbidity <10NTU, and without coagulant aids, compareding the experimental process and the original process, found that the experimental process is better than the other, on respects of the cotton wool body fractal dimension (Df), the pellet particle size (df), the water leakage water quality, the energy consumption, the stability and so on. In the experimental process, Df and df of alum blossom on the end of flocculator respectively is 1.72 and 0.52mm, which enhanced 8% and 63% compared to the original craft, the sedimentation pond water leakage turbidity enhanced 66%, the energy consumption reduced 75%., meanwhile the out water quality is stable.
The control theory and method of coagulation process of low-temperature and low turbidity water from Yellow river was conducted in this study. It would contribute to the analysis,design and improvement of coagulant processes. Advantages would attribute to coagulation in productive process are not only for the improvement of the pollutant removal efficiency,running stability and effluent quality,but also for the saving of the land requirement,construction and maintenance costs,both of which would bring the great social benefits and economic returns.
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