摘要
当高层建筑框-筒结构抗侧力刚度不能满足要求时,为了更有效地发挥周边外框架的抗侧作用,工程中常考虑在核心筒与外围框架之间设置刚度较大的水平伸臂构件,必要时还可以沿该楼层外围结构周边设置带状水平梁或桁架。目前大多研究者在对加强层的最佳位置进行研究时,采用了伸臂刚度无限大、结构刚度沿高度不变并忽略除加强层伸臂以外其它水平构件和未与伸臂相连结的其它竖向构件对结构的影响等上述假定中忽略的主要结构参数对这类结构力学性能的影响。为了使分析模型更符合实际结构,本文研究分析伸臂实际刚度、结构刚度沿高度变化和普通楼层梁。在逐步改进分析模型的基础上对核心筒约束弯矩、结构顶部侧移及其各种影响因素进行了分析。针对现阶段国内外水平伸臂的研究较多,而环带对结构的影响分析较少,论文通过工程算例分析研究了伸臂和环带对结构在水平荷载作用下的力学性能,着重分析了环带在加强层中的作用。
首先,假定结构刚度沿高度不变,考虑伸臂实际刚度应用虚功原理和伸臂与核心筒的变形协调条件建立核心筒约束弯矩和结构顶部侧移的求解方程。推导出设置多道加强层结构在水平荷载下的一般表达式,以及设置一道、两道加强层框-筒结构在倒三角形荷载作用下的核心筒约束弯矩和结构顶部侧移解析表达式。以设置一道加强层为例采用无限刚伸臂假定对结构进行了安全性研究,对采用不同假定建立的分析模型计算结果进行了对比分析。
第二,考虑结构构件刚度沿高度变化推导出设置一道,两道加强层框-筒结构在倒三角形荷载作用下核心筒约束弯矩、结构顶部侧移。对影响核心筒约束弯矩、结构顶部侧移的因素,如核心筒刚度与外柱刚度之比α、核心筒线刚度与伸臂线刚度之比β和结构刚度沿高度变化等进行了研究,推导出结构顶部侧移折减系数的计算表达式,并结合工程算例进行了分析。由分析结果对高层建筑加强层设计提出了参考意见。
第三,从模型优化的角度出发,考虑普通楼层梁,提出将设置多道加强层的高层框筒结构分解为带加强层子结构的平面分析模型。得到子结构在侧向荷载作用下的应变能表达式。基于最小势能原理,建立顶部设置加强层子结构在线性侧向荷载下的平衡方程。运用泛函变分方法及结构自然边界条件,求得子结构任意线性水平荷载下的侧移曲线一般表达式。求得子结构在顶部集中力、水平均布荷载、水平倒三角形荷载下侧移曲线解析式。依据弹性叠加原理,可以得到设置多道加强层框-筒结构在侧向荷载下的侧移曲线。
最后,通过三维高层有限元软件对工程算例进行建模分析。讨论了带有水平伸臂的高层框-筒结构中,环带和伸臂同层设置和环带与伸臂设于不同楼层改变环带刚度时,在水平风荷载和水平地震作用下,结构周期、核心筒剪力、结构顶点侧移等方面的力学性能所受影响的异同。探讨了一种更好的发挥环带对结构的有利作用,避免环带和伸臂同层设置所带来的对结构不利影响的环带设置方法。
随着加强层研究中将分析假定逐渐向真实结构受力情况的还原,加强层的分析理论更加完善,加强层设计必将更加安全合理,其应用会更加的广泛。
Outriggers with large stiffness are often located between the core and the outside frame in engineering when the stiffness of frame-core is not enough for the resistance of lateral load. Sometimes belts beam or truss are set up when necessary. Presently, the so-called optimal location of outriggers is derived from the principle of minimum ultimate displacement, the sectional properties of the core, columns, and outriggers are constant throughout their height, the influence of horizontal members are ignored except outriggers. So, the actual rigidities of outriggers are used instead of the assumption of infinite rigidity in horizontal direction. The actual sectional properties of the core, columns, and outriggers and the influence of the floor beam are considered in the current study. The analytic model is more approach to the real case. The restraining moments of outriggers acting on the core wall, the horizontal top deflection and the influencing factors are analyzed with the improvement of the analytic model. At the present time the outrigger research is emphasized and the belt research is ignored. The mechanical performance of the outriggers and belts subjected to lateral load are analyzed and the belts influence in the strengthened story is emphasized in the paper.
Firstly, the solution equations of the restraining moments of outriggers and the horizontal top deflection are created based on the assumption that the sectional properties of the core, columns, and outriggers are constant throughout their height. The deformation compatibility conditions between outriggers and core wall as well as the finite rigidities of outriggers are also considered. The normal expressions of restraining moments and the horizontal top deflection of the structure subjected to the lateral load with multi-outrigger are deduced. The expressions of restraining moments and the horizontal top deflection of the frame-core structure subjected to the del load with one or two outriggers are obtained. A study of one outrigger case is carried out to analyze the safety of the infinite rigidity assumption. Comparison analysis proceeded based on the calculation results of different analytic model.
Secondly, the expressions of restraining moments and the horizontal top deflection of the frame-core structure subjected to the del load with one or two outriggers are deduced, based on the real case that the sectional properties of the core, columns, and outriggers are changed throughout their height. The influencing factors of the restraining moments of outriggers, horizontal top deflection such as the core-to-column rigiditiesα, core-to-outrigger rigiditiesβand variation of cross-section of frame-core are analyzed. The expression of reduction coefficient of the horizontal top deflection is deduced. Some conclusions are presented to the strengthened storey design of the high-rise building structures combined with case study.
Thirdly, a plane analytical model is presented in the paper. The analytic model is optimized as well as the floor beam is considered. Structure with multi-outrigger is divided into substructure with outrigger located at the top. Strain energy expression of substructure subjected to the lateral load is obtained. Balance equation of substructure subjected to lateral load is established based on the minimum potential energy principle. Expression of deflection curve of substructure subjected to linear lateral load is obtained as well as the functional and variation calculus and natural boundary conditions are considered. Deflection curve of substructure subjected to top single load, uniform load, del load are obtained. Deflection curve of multi-outrigger frame-core structure subjected to the lateral load can be obtained based on the elastic superposition principle.
Finally, analysis proceeded through a structure model established by the high-rise FEA software. The differences of mechanics performance influence of structure periods, core shearing force, horizontal top deflection subjected to wind load and horizontal seismic action are discussed. When the belt and outrigger are located at the same floor and belt and outrigger are located at different floor as well as the belts rigidity is changed. A method of belts institution is discussed. Belts advantages will be exerted and disadvantages will be avoided in the method.
The strengthened story design will be more safe and reasonable and the application of strengthened story will be more abroad as the assumption revert to the real stress situation and the analytic theory will be more perfect.
引文
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