中药大蓟中生物碱及多糖成分研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
大蓟为菊科(Compositae)管状花亚科蓟属(Cirsium Mill.)植物C.japonicum DC.的干燥地上部分或根,为我国传统中药,具有凉血止血、散瘀消肿之功效。
     大蓟的化学成分复杂,具有广泛的药理作用和临床应用。现代化学和药理研究已部分阐明了其化学成分和临床应用之间的联系。例如,大蓟中的柳穿鱼叶苷为止血的有效成分;长链炔烯醇具有抗肿瘤作用,可作为治疗肝癌的依据。但是还有很多活性成分如抗菌、降压等成分未被找到,很多药理研究也仅停留在提取物阶段,因此对其化学成分和药理作用进行深入研究,进一步阐明其化学成分和临床应用之间的联系,对于指导临床用药和新药开发是非常必要的。目前,有关大蓟中生物碱及多糖的研究未见报道,因此本论文针对大蓟中的生物碱及多糖成分进行了研究。
     本文第一部分为综述,首先是生物碱,包括生物碱的分类与分布、生物碱在植物化学分类上的意义、生物碱的生物活性、生物碱含量的测定方法、生物碱人工合成与结构的研究、细胞培养技术在生物碱生产中的应用以及生物碱的应用前景;其次,详细地论述了大蓟化学成分的研究现状、药理作用以及临床应用。
     本文第二部分对大蓟中生物碱的提取、分离以及结构鉴定进行了研究。首先,通过生物碱与多糖的预试验,肯定了大蓟中既含生物碱,又含多糖。通过对大蓟中水溶性生物碱的检测,表明大蓟中不含水溶性生物碱,其中所含生物碱是亲脂性的,这样在进行生物碱提取时,可以不用考虑水溶性生物碱的影响。为了能够得到更多的总生物碱,便于进一步分离,,我们对生物碱三种不同提取方法,即水或酸水提取法、醇类溶剂提取法和脂溶性溶剂提取法的提取率进行了比较,其中以醇类溶剂提取法提取率最高,因此,我们选用95%乙醇作溶剂进行提取,醇提液浓缩所得浸膏用稀酸溶解,酸水液分别用氯仿、乙醚脱脂,氨水碱化,有机溶剂萃取,浓缩得总生物碱粗品。然后采用酸溶、碱化、有机溶剂萃取的方法对所得粗品进行了精制。采用重量法确定了大蓟中总碱含量的质量分数为0.02%。为了探求总碱中各单体完全分离的柱层析的最佳条件,以达到获得多个单体的目的,我们对总碱进行了薄层层析试验。根据薄层层析试验的结果,对总碱进行硅胶柱层析分离,分别用苯:乙酸乙酯:二乙胺=7:2:1和乙酸乙酯:氯仿:二乙胺=8:1:1进行洗脱,共分得两种生物碱单体CJ-Ⅰ和CJ-Ⅱ,用化学和光谱方法推断出CJ-Ⅰ可
    
     能为去氢飞廉碱,CJ-11由于量太少,未能进行全面的结构鉴定。
     本文第三部分对大蓟多糖的提取、纯化分离以及各级分分子量的测定进行了
     研究。采用多糖传统的提取方法,即热水回流提取,水液浓缩后加乙醇析出沉淀,
     再用95%乙醇和丙酮洗涤沉淀,真空干燥得多糖粗品KJ卜水提多糖中常含有蛋
     白质及无机盐等大量小分子物质,这增加了多糖分离的难度,必须除去。我们采
     用经典的Sevag法对粗糖进行了脱蛋白处理,用透析法除去小分子物质,效果良
     好。经过脱蛋白和透析处理的多糖半纯品仍是混合物,需进一步按分子量的大小
     分级。我们采用DEAE-纤维素柱层析法对多糖半纯品进行了分级,分别用水、
     0.SMNaCI洗脱,分得水洗级分KJl)和盐洗级分oJ上),水洗级分较盐洗级分多。
     采用重量法确定了样品中多糖的含量为3.6%,水洗级分的含量为59.4%,盐洗级
     分的含量为 18.6%。最后采用凝胶过滤法测定了 CJ-l 和 CJ-2的分子量分别为
     2石叫04,二24X105。
     本文第四部分采用H。O。/Fe》体系法和APTEMED体系法对大蓟多糖进行了
     抗氧化活性的研究,比较了CJ、CJI、CJ-2对OZ‘和·OH的清除率,得出CJ、
     CJl、CJ毛对’OH都有一定的清除作用,且随着多糖浓度的增大,清除率升高。
     其中CJ-1 的清除作用最强,在本实验所选取的浓度范围内,最高清除率可达
     50.73%,CJ的清除作用较弱,而CJ-2的清除率随糖浓度的变化不是很明显;CJ
     和 CJ刁对O。有一定的清除作用,且随着多糖浓度的增大,清除率升高。其中 CJl
     的清除作用最强,在本实验所选取的浓度范围内,最高清除率可达67.35%,CJ
     的清除作用较弱,而CJ-2对OZ’几乎没有清除作用。在进行抗氧化活性研究的同
     时,采用滤纸片怯分别对CJ、CJ-1、CJ-2进行了体外抑菌活性的初步研究,所选
     菌株为大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。结果表明,CJ、CJq、CJ<分别显示程度不
    。等的抑菌作用。
Cirsium japonicum DC., belonging to the Compositae family, is a common-used Chinese herbal drug. Having the efficacy of cooling the blood, hemostasis and detumescence, it has been mainly used to treat haematuria and carbuncle.
    Constituents of Cirsium japonicum DC. are complicated, and it has lots of pharmacological actions and clinical practices. Although modern chemical and pharmacological researches have partly elucidated the relation between chemical constituents and clinical practices, yet many active constituents, such as antibiosis and decompression, have not been found. Many pharmacological researches are only in use of the extract. So making a thorough research on its chemical constituents and pharmacological actions, elucidating the relation between chemical constituents and clinical practices further, are very necessary to guide clinical druging and develop new drugs. At present, there are no reports about alkaloids and polysaccharides from Cirsium japonicum DC.. So we studied alkaloids and polysaccharides from Cirsium japonicum DC..
    The first part of this thesis is a summary of alkaloids, including the classification and distribution of alkaloids, the significance of alkaloids in phytochemical classification, the bioactivities of alkaloids, the assaying methods of alkaloid's content, the research on artificial synthesis and structure of alkaloids, the application of cell culture technology in alkaloid's production and the prospect of alkaloid's application. Next we discussed the present situation of chemical constituents, pharmacological actions and clinical practices of Cirsium japonicum DC..
    In the second part, we studied the extraction, isolation and structure identification of alkaloids. Above all, we confirmed that Cirsium japonicum DC. contained alkaloids and polysaccharides by pretest. Through the detection of water soluble alkaloids, we knew that alkaloids from Cirsium japonicum DC. is not water soluble, but liposoluble. So during the extraction, we needn't consider the influence of water soluble alkaloids. In order to get more total alkaloids for isolation further, we compared the extraction rate of three different methods-water or acid water extraction, alcoholic solvent
    
    
    extraction and liposoluble solvent extraction. The rate of alcoholic solvent extraction is the highest, so we selected 95%EtOH as solvent to extract. The alcoholic extract concentrated under reduced pressure, dissolved by diluted acid, degreased with CHC13 and Et2O, alkalified with NH3·H2O, extracted by organic solvent. At last we got coarse alkaloids after concentration. Then we refined it through acid dissolution alkalization and extraction by organic solvent. Next we determined the content of total alkaloids is 0.02% by gravimetric analysis. In order to search for the optimum isolated conditions of every monomer, we did TLC tests to total alkaloids. According to the results of tests, we isolated total alkaloids by silica gel column chromatography, respectively used benzoLacetidin:diethylamine=7:2:1 and acetidinxhloroformrdiethylamine-8:1:1 to elute and got two alkaloid monomers: CJ- I and CJ- II. Through chemical and spectral methods, we knew that CJ- I may be acanthoine. CJ- II was not identified because
     of its little quantity.
    In the third part, we studied the extraction, decontamination, isolation and formula weight assaying of polysaccharides from Cirsium japonicum DC.. The polysaccharides were extracted with hot water, precipitated by alcohol, scrubbed precipitant with 95%EtOH and acetone, then vacuum dried to get coarse polysaccharides (CJ). There are lots of impurities in water extracted polysaccharides, such as protein and inorganic salt. Their existences added difficulties of polysaccharide's isolation. So we must get rid of them. Protein in the precipitants was removed by Sevag method. Inorganic salt was removed by dialysis method. The effects are good. CJ was still a mixture after deprotein and dialysis. It needed isolating further according to formula weight. The products were isolated with DEAE-cel
引文
[1]任毅,《药用植物分类学》,西北大学校内教材,1993.
    [2]姚新生,《天然产物化学》,人民卫生出版社,1996.
    [3]陈孝泉,《植物化学分类学》,高等教育出版社,1990.
    [4]李玉平,龚宁,《药用植物资源学》,西北农业大学校内教材,1996.
    [5]国家医药管理局中草药情报中心站,《植物药有效成分手册》,人民卫生出版社,1986.
    [6]龚运淮,《天然有机化合物~(123)C核磁共振化学位移》,云南科技出版社,1986.
    [7]陈新谦,我国抗肿瘤药物研究的新进展,药学通报,1987,22(4),193.
    [8]林启寿,《中草药成分化学》,科学出版社,1977.
    [9]孙燕,《肿瘤化学治疗新进展》,山东科学技术出版社,1987.
    [10]Wani Mc, Taylor H L, The isolation and structure of Taxel, A novel antileukemic and antitum or agent from Taxus Brevifolia, J Am Chem Soc, 1971 ,(93),2325.
    [11]陈士云,侯嵩生,植物细胞培养生产抗癌药物研究进展,天然产物研究与开发,1993,5(1),61.
    [12]Horwitz S B, Fant J, Promotion of microtubule assembly in vitro by Taxol, Nature, 1979,(277),665.
    [13]李映丽,吕居娴,抗肿瘤的天然化合物,西北药学杂志,1994,9(6),257.
    [14]Slichenmyer W J. Von Hoft D D, New natural products in cancer chcmotherapy, J Clin Pharmacol, 1990,30(9),770.
    [15]王祖武,羟基喜树碱对小鼠腹水型肝癌细胞超显微结构的影响,中华肿瘤杂志,1979,(1),183.
    [16]郭治彬,曹宏宇,徐智等,小檗胺对缺血性快速室性心律失常的心电生理作用,中国药理学报,1991,(12),44.
    [17]郭治彬,曹宏宁,徐智等,小檗胺对室性心律失常的防治作用,中华心血管病学杂志,1993,(21)、110.
    [18]郭治彬,三种生物碱抗心律失常作用的研究进展,江西医学院学报,1993,(33),73.
    [19]沈映君,《中药药理学》,上海科学技术出版社,1997.
    [20]Whan Y L,槐定碱对正常大鼠心脏功能的影响,中国药理学通报,1991,12(3),263.
    [21]许青嫒,苦参碱对血液流变学指标的影响,陕西新医药,1985,14(7),62.
    
    
    [22]刘晶星,苦参抗柯萨基B组病毒的初步研究,上海第二医科大学学报,1991,11(2),140.
    [23]陈福祥,苦参总碱体外抗柯萨奇B病毒3型作用测定及其机理,中华实验和临床病毒学杂志,1995,9(2),115.
    [24]刘晶星,解立颖,地高辛标记探针原位杂交在实验性小鼠心脏心肌研究中的应用,上海第二医科大学学报,1993,13(3),183.
    [25]彭波,杨华元,乌头、附子及其主要生物碱研究进展,华西药学杂志,1993,8(3),158-161.
    [26]Amiya T, The Alkaloids: Aconitum alkaloid, Academic Press, 1988.
    [27]李晓玉,蒋开明,林子英,滇乌碱的免疫调节作用,中国药理学与毒理学杂志,1987,1(2),100-104.
    [28]王雅贤,贾宽,张得山等,乌头碱对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究,中医药信息,1989,(5),40-41.
    [29]Ohtani I, Ichiba T, Kauluamine, an unprecedented manzamine diner from an Indonesia marine sponge Prisnos sp, J Am Chem Soc, 1995,117(43),10743.
    [30]Kitamura A, Tanaka J, Echinoclathrines A-C: a new class of pyridine alkaloid from a sponge Echinochathria sp, Tetrahedron, 1999,55(9),2487.
    [31]章鲲,吴练中,岩黄连总生物碱对小鼠免疫功能的影响,免疫学杂志,1995,11(4),238-240.
    [32]陈葆仁,杨义芳,田如美等,赣皖乌头生物碱的研究,药学学报,1981,16(1),70-72.
    [33]宋东江,陆满文,彭建中,乌头碱类化合物抗炎作用研究进展,中草药,1990,21(11),43-45.
    [34]Patil A D, Kumar N V, Novel alkaloid from the sponge Batzella sp: inhibitors of HIV gp-120 human CD4 binding, J Org Chem,1995,60(5),1182.
    [35]De Marino S, Jorizzi M, Plakinamines C and D and three new sterroidal alkaloid from the sponge Corticium sp, Eur J Org Chem, 1999,(3),697.
    [36]Venkateswarlu Y, Reddy M V R, Neofolitispates, pentacyclic guanidine alkaloid, from the sponge Neofolitispa dianchora, Indian J Chem Sect B: Org Chem Incl Med Chem, 1999,38B(2),254.
    [37]何丽娅,王梅娟,李映红等,洋金花总生物碱抗氧化作用的实验研究,中药药理与临床,1994,(3),32-33.
    [38]佟继铭,符景春,高巍等,野罂粟总生物碱止咳平喘作用实验研究,承德医
    
    学院学报,1998,15(1),6-8.
    [39] 黄建明,郭济贤,段更利,HPLC法测千金藤属植物中7种生物活性生物碱,药学学报,1998,33(7),528-533.
    [40] 张先洲,胡学民,罗顺德等,高效液相色谱法同时测莲心碱中3种生物碱的含量,药物分析杂志,1998,29(4),281-283.
    [41] 黄玉秀,刘静,林伦民,交流示波极谱滴定法测三黄片中盐酸小檗碱的含量,中国中药杂志,1997,22(4),224-226.
    [42] 安登魁,张正行,林海,酸性染料比色法测苦地丁中总生物碱含量,西北药学杂志,1996,11(6),246-247.
    [43] 石淑琴,耿成国,罗远武,北豆根总碱制剂中生物碱含量测定方法研究,中成药,1991,13(1),11-12.
    [44] 季申,王柯,GC法测中药罂粟壳中的吗啡、苛待因和罂粟碱的含量,中草药,1998,8(29),526-528.
    [45] 李发美,余丽宁,张丽茹,高效毛细管电泳法测罂粟壳中的生物碱含量,色谱,1997,15(5),438-439.
    [46] 林梅,张正行,安登魁,高效毛细管电泳分离测定颠茄制剂中莨菪类生物碱,中草药,1998,29(8),518-520.
    [47] 林梅,张正行,范国荣,莨菪类生物碱毛细管电泳分析,分析化学,1998,26(4),457-460.
    [48] 李丽清,流动注射化学发光法测马钱子碱,山东矿业学院学报,1997,(6),45-46.
    [49] 董方霆,廖杰,袁征等,用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定片剂中西特那费的含量,分析测试学报,2000,19(3),53-54.
    [50] 陈淑娟,肖富,潘锡平,RP-HPLC法对不同产地蝙蝠葛几种主要生物碱的测定,药物分析杂志,1999,19(2),79-81.
    [51] 庞志功,汪宝琪,王翔,用荧光淬灭法测苦参碱和氧化苦参碱,药物分析杂志,1998,18(6),378-380.
    [52] 王翔,汪宝琪,庞志功,荧光熄灭法监测苦参碱、氧化苦参碱的血药浓度,分析科学学报,1998,14(4),312-314.
    [53] 侯淑贤,戴宗顺,毛雪萍,应用薄层荧光扫描法测血清中蝙蝠葛碱浓度,中国药理学通报,1990,6(1),59-61.
    [54] 杨义方,赵守训,董善士,双波长薄层扫描法测北豆根中生物碱含量,中药通报,1988,13(12),36.
    [55] Determination of two alkaloids in Menispermum dauricum D.C. by thin layer
    
    micelier fluorometry, C.A, 1995,(122),322612.
    [56] 况代武,华维一,孔荣祖,蝙蝠葛苏林碱对映异构体的合成,中国药科大学学报,1990,21(6),364-366.
    [57] 华维一,孔荣祖,R,R-(-)-蝙蝠葛苏林碱的全合成,中国药科大学学报,1988,19(3),161.
    [58] 华维一,况代武,孔荣祖,蝙蝠葛苏林碱光学异构体的合成,中国医药工业杂志,1990,21(12),5591.
    [59] 徐任生,《天然产物化学》,科学技术出版社,1997.
    [60] A.R.Battersby, D.M.Foulkes, Alkaloid Biosynthesis. Part Ⅷ. Use of optically active precursors for investigations on the biosythesis of Morphine alkaloids, Proc.Chem. Soc., 1965,3323-3332.
    [61] D.H.R.Barton, R.James, Phenol Oxidation and Biosynthesis. Part Ⅹ Ⅷ. The structure and biosynthesis of Erythina Alkaloids, J. Chem. Soc(C), 1968,1529-1537.
    [62] David S.Millington, Douglas H.Steinman, Isolation, Gas Chromatogrphy-Mass and Structures of new alkaloids from Erythrina Folkersii Krukoff and Moldenke and Erythrina salviiflora Krukoff and Barneby, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1974,96(6), 1909-1914.
    [63] M.E.Wall, The isolation and structure of camptothccin, a novel alkaloidal leukemia and tumor inhibitor from Camptothca acuminata, J.Am. Chem.Soc, 1966,(88),3888-3890.
    [64] 周坤福,《分子生物学与中药开发》,人民卫生出版社,2000.
    [65] 王东,李启任,培养细胞中的小檗碱的产生及其生物合成概况,中草药,1998,(29),128-130.
    [66] 张荣汉,《中药资源学》,中国医药科技出版社,1993.
    [67] Sugimto, Yukihiro; Yoshida, Akihiko, Dauricine production in cultured roots of M dohuricum DC., Phytochemistry, 1994,36(3),670-683.
    [68] 史玉俊,苄基异喹啉和菲类生物碱的抗血小板和血管舒张作用,中草药,1997,28(1),59.
    [69] 钱秀丽,广西美登木抗癌成分的研究Ⅰ,药学学报,1979,14(3),182.
    [70] 马广恩,三尖杉属植物中生物碱研究Ⅰ.三尖杉中抗癌有效成分的分离和鉴定及新生物碱(+)-乙酰三尖杉碱,化学学报,1977,(35),201-208.
    [71] 李明云,王春琳,《撩起蓝色的面纱-20世纪重大发现与发明》,宁波出版社,
    
    2001.
    [72] 吴文君,《天然产物杀虫剂-原理·方法·实践》,陕西科技出版社,1997.
    [73] Eberhard U, Control of phytophtbor infestants with berberine, C.A, 1984,(107), 72874.
    [74] Wippich C, Biological properties of alkaloids and gramine on the germination and development of powerymildew. Erysiphe graminisf, sp. hordei, Experientia, 1985, 41(4),1477-1479.
    [75] Renee J.Grayer, A survey of antifungal compounds from higher plants, 1994,34(1),19-23.
    [76] Yongqing Ma, Babiker, Striga hermonthica(Del.) benth germination stimulants from Menispermum dauricum(D.C) root cultures, J.Agric. Food chem, 1996,44(10),3355-3359.
    [77] Effect of medium composition on production of striga hermonthica(Del.) benth germination stimulants by Menispermum dauricum(D.C) root cultures, C.A, 1998,(128),190468.
    [78] 张兴,试论无公害农药,西北农业大学学报,1995,23(6),90-95.
    [79] 中华人民共和国卫生部药典委员会编,《中华人民共和国药典》(一部),广东科技出版社,1995.
    [80] 石铸,中国菊科菜蓟族植物研究(Ⅱ),植物分类学报,1984,22(5),394-395.
    [81] 刘训红,王玉玺,《中药材薄层色谱鉴别》,天津科学技术出版社,1990.
    [82] 顾玉诚,屠呦呦,大蓟化学成分的研究,中国中药杂志,1992,17(8),489-490.
    [83] 沈月毛,周茜兰,滇大蓟的化学成分研究,中草药,1992,23(9),498-499.
    [84] 郑虎古,董泽宏,余靖,《中药现代研究与应用》,学苑出版社,1997.
    [85] Yano K, HydrocarbonS from Cirsium japonicum, Phytochemistry, 1997,16(2),263-264.
    [86] Kawazu K, Nishii Y, Two nematicidal substances from roots of Cirsium japonicum, Agric Biol Chem, 1980,44(4),903-906.
    [87] Takaishi Y, Okuyama T, Acetylenes from Cirsium japonicum, Phytochemistry, 1990,29(12),3849-3852.
    [88] Yano K, A new acetylenic alcohol from Cirsium japonicum, Phytochemistry, 1980,(198),1864-1866.
    [89] Takaishi Y, Okuyama T, Absolute configuration of a triolacetylene from Cirsium japonicum, Phytochemistry, 1991,30(7),2321-2324.
    
    
    [90] 周文序,田珍,中药大小蓟的黄酮类成分的分离和鉴定,北京医科大学学报,1994,26(4),309.
    [91] Ishida H, Umino T, Studies on antihemorrhagic substances in herbs classified as hemostatics in Chinese medicine. Ⅶ. On the antihemorrhagic principle in Cirsium japonicum DC., Chem Pharm Bull, 1987,35(2),861-864.
    [92] Park Jong Cheol, Lee Jong Ho, A flavone diglycoside from Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, Phytochemistry, 1995,39(1),261-262.
    [93] Lin C N, Arisawa M, The constituents of Cirsium japonicum DC. var. takaoense Kitamura, Isolation of two new flavonoids, cirsitakaoside and cirsitakaogenin, Chem Pharm Bull, 1978,26(7),2036-2039.
    [94] Miyaichi Y, Matsuura M, Phenolic compound from the roots of Cirsium japonicurn DC., Nat Med, 1995,49(1),92-94.
    [95] 南京药学院〈中草药学〉编写组,《中草药学》,江苏科学出版社,1980.
    [96] 马清钧,王淑玲,《常用中药现代研究与临床》,天津科技翻译出版社,1995.
    [97] 马峰峻,赵玉珍,大蓟对动物血压的影响,佳木斯医学院学报,1991,14(1),10-11.
    [98] 屠锡德,杨琦,翁丽正等,大蓟降压作用的研究,中成药研究,1982,4(8),36.
    [99] Lim Sang-sun, Lee Jong-ho, Isolation of flavone glycoside from Cirsium japonicum var ussuriense and biological activity on the cardiovascular system, Han guk Sikp um Yongyang Kwahak Hoechi, 1997,26(2),242-247.
    [100] Park Jong Cheol, Lee Jong-ho, Isolation and biological activity of flavone glycosides from the aerial part of Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense in Korea, Han guk Yongyang Siklyong Hakhoechi, 1995,24(6),906-910.
    [101] Kosuge T, Ishida K, Pectolinarin as hemostatie, JP:62,240,621,1987-11-21.
    [102] 徐树楠,《中药临床应用大全》,河北科学技术出版社,1999.
    [103] Mori S, Ichii J, Cephalonoplos extracts and compositions contaning the extracts to promote fat metabolism for obesity control, JP:08,301,780,1996-11-19.
    [104] 张钢纲,《常用中草药新用途手册》,中国中医药出版社,1993.
    [105] 湖南省结核病治疗院,《1971年度临床资料选编》,1971.
    [106] 南京药学院,《大蓟降压作用研究小结》,1971.
    [107] 吴盛荣,大蓟解毒汤治疗急性扁桃腺炎,时珍国药研究,1994,5(1),47.
    [108] 上海中药二厂、上海医药工业研究院,血见宁简介,中草药通讯,1973,4(2),45.
    
    
    [109] 张明,吴德芸,缪静龙等,321止血粉治疗血证40例临床观察,实用中西医结合杂志,1993,6(4),197.
    [110] 潘淑敏,陈荣,大蓟糊剂外敷治疗肌注硬结,实用医学杂志,1985,1(2),40.
    [111] 张桂宝,单味大蓟治疗寻麻疹,基层医刊,1982,2(5),39.
    [112] 董昆山,《现代临床中药学》,中国中医药出版社,1998.
    [113] 赵永芳,《生物化学技术原理及其应用》,武汉大学出版社,1991.
    [114] 金鸣,蔡亚欣,李金荣等,邻二氮菲-Fe~(2+)氧化法检测H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)产生的羟自由基,生物化学与生物物理进展,1996,23(6),553-555.
    [115] 肖华山,何文锡,傅文庆等,一种用分光光度计检测氧自由基的新方法,生物化学与生物物理进展,1999,26(2),180-183.
NGLC 2004-2010.National Geological Library of China All Rights Reserved.
Add:29 Xueyuan Rd,Haidian District,Beijing,PRC. Mail Add: 8324 mailbox 100083
For exchange or info please contact us via email.