摘要
近年来,小眼井因其低廉的钻井成本已在大庆、长庆、吉林、塔河等油田采用常规技术无法经济开发的低产、低渗、低压的陆上边际油田应用。同时,老井侧钻小井眼也被广泛用于老区找剩余油,加之老井套管因腐蚀损坏严重下小套管恢复生产,使小眼井已初具规模。但常规有杆抽油难以实现大泵深抽,而空心抽油杆套管抽油成本高,不利于推广应用,因此本文提出采用实心抽油杆套管抽油工艺,具有高泵效、低生产成本的特点,实现了小井眼正常深抽。本文对实心抽油杆套管抽油工艺理论开展了深入研究,主要完成了以下工作;
(1)深入分析了中原胡庆油田前期实心抽油杆套管抽油试验出现的杆柱断脱问题,确定了常规抽油杆与套管偏磨的主要原因,并研制了新型套管抽油扶正器,结合现场生产实际情况,提出了套管抽油井扶正器分布的实用设计方法。
(2)针对套管抽油井流体仅存在唯一液流通道,无法探测动液面的技术难题,采用生产示功图拟合油井流入动态,根据不同产液量按多相流模型计算拟动液面深度,进而合理确定泵挂深度,按API推荐方法设计组合杆柱,应用杆柱纵向波动方程校核设计结果,确保所设计的组合杆柱安全合理。并基于系统协调工作原理,提出实心抽油杆套管抽油工艺优化设计方法。
(3)开展了2口井实心抽油杆套管抽油现场试验,截止2005年9月25日已正常运行250天,为前期套管采油试验的平均检泵周期1.67倍,同时两口井均增产液量7m~3/d多。试验表明;实心抽油杆套管抽油具有泵效高低生产成本的特点,同时也验证了本文提出的数学模型及设计方法的正确性,确实能反映实心杆套管抽油的实际运行规律。
In recent years, because of cheap drilling cost slim hole already applied in many minor production, low penetration rate, low-pressure ashore marginal oil field which use conventional technology can't achieve economical production, such as DaQing, Changqing, Jilin, Tahe etc., the old well sidetrack drilling slim hole also used for old area to seek remaining oil and old well rerun small casing to resume production when casing was damaged by corruption. Slim hole has already achieved bound scale, but conventional sucker rod pumping is very difficult to achieve deep pumping using big pump. Hollow rod casing pumping can't be widely used because of high cost. Adopt stereo rod casing pumping technology can raise pump efficiency and cut production cost. Achieve slim hole deep pumping using conventional pump. In depth study of stereo rod casing pumping technology have developed in this text chiefly accomplished works as follow:
(1) Thorough intensive analysis of problem in primary stage stereo rod casing pumping experiment, determined the chief reason of lopsided wear between sucker rod and casing, and developed new casing pumping centering device, combine field production actual situation, developed casing pumping well centering device distribute design method.
(2) There is only unique fluid movement passageway in casing pumping well, detect producing fluid level is technology puzzle, use production dynamometer card match oil well inflow performance relationship, based on different liquid producing capacity calculate pseudo working fluid level by multiphase flow model. Determine advisable depth of plunger, use API recommended method to design combined rod, apply wave equation to check design result, make sure the designed rod safe and reasonably. Developed stereo rod casing pumping technology optimization design based on system harmony rule.
(3) We have developed two well stereo rod casing pumping experiment, to sept.25th.2005 have run 250days normally, average pump inspection period is 1.67 times compare to casing pumping experiment earlier days, at the same time liquid producing capacity have increased by 7m~3/day. Field tests indicate: stereo rod casing pumping technology can increase pump efficiency and decrease production cost, and verified the mathematical model developed in this text and design method is true, this software can respond stereo rod casing pumping running rule.
引文
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