摘要
本研究以红富士苹果为试材,研究了1-MCP处理、延期贮藏(DS)和波温贮藏(US)对红富士苹果虎皮病发病情况和相关生理的影响。在贮藏期间,测定分析果实的呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、α-法尼烯与共轭三烯、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚含量等理化指标,观察统计果实虎皮病发病指数和发病率。试验结果表明:
1.将果实用1-MCP处理后,置于0±0.5℃,相对湿度85%～90%条件下贮藏。1-MCP处理明显地抑制了果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,推迟了乙烯峰的出现;极显著地降低了α-法尼烯与共轭三烯的含量;增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的酶活性;降低了多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,增加了多酚的含量。1-MCP极显著地控制了虎皮病的发生,降低了红富士苹果虎皮病的发病率和病情指数。
2.延期贮藏48h在一定程度上能够控制红富士苹果虎皮病的发生,降低了果实在贮藏后期的发病率和发病指数;降低了α-法尼烯与共轭三烯的含量;增强了POD的酶活性;降低了果实的硬度;降低了PPO的酶活性;增加了果实在贮藏后期的多酚含量。
3.库温波动有利于控制红富士苹果虎皮病的发生,降低了α-法尼烯与共轭三烯的含量;同样,增强了POD的酶活性;明显降低了果实硬度;降低了PPO的酶活性;增加了果实在贮藏后期的多酚含量。但库温波动明显降低了果实品质,果实在贮藏期内呼吸速率和乙烯释放量均有所增加。
4.综合评价以上三种采后技术对红富士苹果虎皮病发生的控制效果,1-MCP处理效果最为显著,其次为延期贮藏,再之为波温贮藏。通过观察测定,果实品质以1-MCP处理效果最为显著,延期贮藏的果实与对照相似,波温贮藏后的果实其品质劣于对照。
The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), delayed storage (DS) and undulatory-temperature storage(US) on the incidence of superficial scald of‘Red Fuji’apple and the relative physiological indices were studied. The indexes such as respiration rate, ethylene production rate, fruit firmness,α-farnesene , conjugated trienes, SOD ,POD, PPO activities and the content of polyphenols were determined and analyzed during storage period, and the incidence rate of superficial scald and disease index were observed and counted regularly. The results were as fellows:
1. Fruits were treated with 1-MCP, then stored at 0±0.5℃and RH 95% , the physiological effects of 1-MCP on fruits were evaluated. 1-MCP treatment significantly decreased the respiration rate and the ethylene production, delayed the ethylene peak; 1-MCP treatment also remarkably reduced the content of theα-farnesene and conjugated trienes; It maintained a higher level of the activities of SOD and POD,decreased the fruit firmness, inhibited the activity of PPO and increased the content of polyphenols. 1-MCP notably controlled the incidence of superficial scald rate and reduced the the condition of disease index in‘Red Fuji’apple.
2. Delayed storage 48h controlled the incidence of superficial scald on some context,decreased the disease index and disease rate during storing period; DS treatment also reduced the content of theα-farnesene and conjugated trienes; It maintained a higher level of the activities of POD, decreased the fruit firmness, inhibited the activity of PPO and increased the content of polyphenols.
3. Undulatory-temperature storage has good effection on controling the incidence of superficial scald, decreased the content of theα-farnesene and conjugated trienes;The same as DS and 1-MCP treatment , US also maintained a higher level of the activities of POD, decreased the fruit firmness,inhibited the activity of PPO and increased the content of polyphenols.But it increased the respiration rate and the ethylene production, the quality of fruits were lower.
4. The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) ,delayed storage (DS) and undulatory-temperature storage(US)on the occurrence of superficial scald of‘Red Fuji’apple were evaluated . the results showed that the effect of 1-MCP was the most remarkable and the effect of delayed storage (DS) was better than undulatory-temperature storage(US),the apple fruit treated with 1-MCP had the best fruit quality , the fruit qulity of ck was similar to fruit with delayed storage (DS) treatment and better than fruit with undulatory-temperature storage(US).
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