摘要
阵列信号处理是信号处理领域的一个重要分支，在雷达、通信等系统中得到广泛的应用。通过对信号在时间和空间上同时进行采样和处理，可以更加充分地提取信号中的信息，从而更加有效地抑制干扰，提高系统的效率。本文介绍了阵列信号处理基本理论及模型，主要对阵列信号处理的两个重要方面——DOA估计和波束形成技术及其相关技术进行了一些研究。
1)研究了特征结构波束形成算法，特征结构波束形成法有效地提高了MVDR算法针对指向误差敏感的缺点，但是带来了较大的运算量，而且当约束矢量与信号导向矢量正交时，系统性能将严重下降。本文针对特征结构法以上的缺点，构造了基于指向误差均匀分布模型的平均导向矢量，由于新的约束矢量的作用相当于加宽了波束主瓣的宽度，减少了期望信号落入波束主瓣边缘的概率，因此该算法可以有效地对抗指向性误差。该文还针对不同的阵元数，给出了角度区间的选择准则。计算机的仿真结果证明，基于导向矢量旋转的稳健算法在不明显增加算法运算量的基础上，有效的提高了算法对指向误差的鲁棒性。对自适应波束形成器的设计有一定的指导意义。
2)在对最小误码率波束形成研究的基础上，提出了最小误码率空时均衡技术的自适应实现。要求一个判决系统的误码率，我们必须首先知道观测信号的概率密度函数，但我们通常无法知道观测信号的概率密度函数。因此，必须首先估计观测信号的概率密度函数。有两种非参数化的概率密度估计方法，一个是Parzen密度估计，即核密度估计，另一个是k-nearest neighbor密度估计法；这两种方法原理非常相似，但却有不同的统计特性。本文采用经典的Parzen窗法或核密度估计法来近似空时均衡器输出信号的概率密度；导出了系统误码率与权值的关系。研究了最小误码率空时均衡逐样本自适应算法，即随机梯度最小误码率法，此方法具有较低的计算量，可与LMS相比拟。仿真结果还表明，最小误码率空时均衡技术具有较强的抗过载与抗强干扰的能力。
3)研究了信源扩展情况下的两维DOA估计算法。由于信源扩展相当于在接收信号协方差阵的每个元素上附加一乘性噪声，在高斯白噪声的假设下，
Array signal processing and its application has been one of the focuses in signal processing field. By sampling and processing signal both in time domain and in spatial domain, the information of interest contained in the signal can be exploited sufficiently, thereby interference can be suppressed more effectively, and so the capacity of system can be improved by introducing array signal processing algorithms. In this dissertation, the model and theory of array signal processing are studied; DOAs estimation and beamforming technologies and their correlated technology were researched deeply, which are the two main aspects in array signal processing field.
1. The algorithm based on the eigen-space was investigated, it make the MVDR possess the ability resisting the pointing error, but the computational amount is very large, and the performance of the system will degrade sharply when the constraint vector is orthogonal with the signal steering vector. Aiming at the above deficiency of the eigne-space beamformer, the paper construct an average steering vector assuming that the DOA distribution of the signal is uniform in the specified angular region. The novel constraint steering vector broadens the mainlobe width of the beamformer, reduces the probability that signal is at the edge of the mainlobe, so it can combat the pointing error effectively. The paper also derives the selection criterion of the angular interval as the variance of the element number. The simulation results of the computer show the algorithm proposed by this paper is robust for the pointing error, but it do not increase the computation effort much.
2. This dissertation investigated beamforming based on the minimum bit error rate and proposed a space-time equalization algorithm based on the minimum bit error rate and the adaptive implement of space-time equalization algorithm based on the minimum bit error rate, In order to determine the bit error rate of a decision system, we must firstly known the probability density function of the observed signal, unfortunately, we can not often obtain it.
引文
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