摘要
激活体系的筛选与优化是内源微生物采油的关键技术之一,激活体系的好坏直接关系到内源微生物采油技术的矿场应用效果和发展前景。
本文在系统分析内源微生物生态系统的基础上,将单因素筛选实验和正交优化实验结合起来,建立了一套较为系统的激活体系筛选和优化方法。同时利用该方法得到了孔六站注入水中内源微生物的最优化激活体系。采用室内摇瓶培养实验对菌体及菌落形态、培养液理化指标、原油理化指标和产气性能进行了评价,采用室内物理模拟实验对多孔介质中的激活效果、提高采收率效果、空气辅助效果和多轮次驱替效果进行了评价。利用可视化微观模拟实验,直观地观察了模型中内源微生物激活和残余油的启动情况。在比较系统的实验研究基础上,得到了一些规律性的认识。
研究表明:向激活体系中添加糖类碳源可以加快内源微生物的激活速度,添加硝酸盐可以抑制硫酸盐还原菌;内源微生物激活过程中可以降低培养液表面张力和原油粘度,改变原油烃类组成,增加培养液粘度、产酸、产气;补充空气既可以促进内源微生物的激活又可以强化提高采收率效果;一定驱替轮次内,随着驱替轮次的增加内源微生物的激活变得越来越容易;内源微生物驱可以通过原油乳化、产生不溶性代谢产物和生物气等机理提高采收率。
The selection and optimization of activation system is one of the pivotal technology for activation of stratal microflora recovery (ASMR). The activation system will influence on the effect of application in oil field and development foreground of ASMR.
In this paper, a systematic selection and optimization method was established by combining the single factor experiment with orthogonal experiment on the basis of systematic analysis of indigenous microorganisms ecosystem. Meanwhile, an optimum activation system was obtained to active indigenous microorganism in injection water of station Kong 6. The shape of bacterium, properties of the culture medium, properties of oil and the capacity of producing gas were evaluated by means of flask cultivation experiment. The activation effect in porous media, the effect of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), the drive effect after supplying air and the effect of flooding time after time were evaluated by means of laboratory physical simulation experiment. The activation of indigenous microorganisms and startup of residual oil in porous media were oberserved visually by means of micro-imitated glass model. Furthermore, some systematic conclusions were also acquired.
The results show that activation speed of indegenous microorganisms could be accelerated after adding some saccharide to the activation system as carbon source, and the sulfate reducing bacterium can be controlled by the addition of some nitrate. In the process of activating indigenous microorganism, the interfacial tension of the culture medium and viscosity of oil can be reduced, the hydrocarbon composition of oil can be changed, and also the viscosity of the culture medium can be increased, as well as the material such as acid and gas will be produced. The supply of air could promote the activation of indigenous microorganism and strengthen the effect of EOR. Within certain driving times, the activation of indigenous will become easier by the increasing of driving time. ASMR could enhance oil recovery by emulsifying the oil, generating some insoluble materials and bio-gas, and so on.
引文
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