摘要
水资源短缺地区井渠结合灌溉要求对水资源进行优化调度，调度中还要考虑到水生态问题。本文对灌区水资源联合调度进行深入研究，通过理论探析，不同尺度水资源问题研究，采用软件和硬件相结合的方法建立了灌区水资源联合调度完整的理论和技术体系，对于华北地区井渠结合灌区的水资源调度的理论和实践具有非常重要的意义。本文主要研究内容与成果如下：
（1）提出灌区水资源可信调度的概念
应用计算机领域可信概念及其理论，提出了灌区水资源可信调度的概念，根据宏观和微观相结合等原则，阐述了不同尺度灌区水资源问题研究的内容，研究成果促进了灌区水资源联合调度理论的进一步完善和发展。
（2）全球尺度小麦主产区灌溉必要性研究
在空间分辨率为30弧分的全球范围内，运用GEPIC模型估计了全球范围灌溉对增加作物产量的作用。得出全球不同地区小麦产量的高低对灌溉的依赖性。为水利决策部门运用大范围区域上的信息来制定水和粮食政策提供了可靠依据，解决了灌区水资源调度的必要性问题。
（3）灌区尺度水生态诊断和退化机理初探
在研究典型灌区生态系统的结构与功能的基础上，根据引黄灌区水循环特点，设计以水文特征、水环境状况、泥沙状况、盐碱化状况等表征灌区水生态健康状况的指标体系。着重分析引黄水文情势，灌区盐碱化变化情况及规律等重要水生态问题。采用Pearson相关分析法，进行灌区生态系统退化机理研究。
（4）灌区地表水地下水联合调度研究及软件研制
针对多级配水过程，采用逐级分解协调的方法，进行灌区灌溉水资源调度，得出灌区主要农作物适宜灌水模式和灌溉制度。根据人民胜利渠灌区的基本情况和运行特点，确立了调控地下水水位为解决灌区地下水与地表水联合运用问题的主线。研制集信息采集、数据分析、优化调度和可视化操作于一体的分布式人机交互多水源联合调度智能监控系统。
（5）水资源承载力模糊综合评价及地下水优化
以人民胜利渠灌区为例，建立多层次模糊综合评价模型来评价大型灌区水资源承载力。建立灌溉水入渗的土壤水－地下水转换过程及相应的数学模型，进行土壤水分深层渗漏的研究；建立地下水优化管理模型，对地下水进行优化。
（6）人工湿地去除灌区退水面源污染方法和效率研究
以实验为基础，进行人工湿地系统总体净化效率、植物优选、运行参数精确调控研究。研究结果表明，人工湿地对面源污染净化效果较好，可大面积推广。
Well-canal Combined Irrigation， which required the joint operation of surface-water andground-water and considered the water ecological problem, is the main irrigation mode in the most ofirrigation areas of North China. With the different characteristics of water resources, surface-water andground-water can be transformed into each other, and these characteristics determine the difficulty ofhigh efficient utilization of water resources in irrigation areas. The deeply studies have been taken onthe joint operation of water resources in irrigation areas. Thorough studying different scales of waterresources and the combination of software and hardware, a completive and comprehensive system oftheory and technology of the joint operation of water resources have been established in irrigation areas,which have very significant meaning of the theory and application of water resources operation inwell-canal combined irrigation areas of North China. The main content and results of this paper are asfollows:
(1) Raising the concept of credibility operation of water resources in irrigation
Aiming at the well-canal combined irrigation mode in the most of irrigation areas of North China,applying the theory and concept of credibility in the field of computer science, the concept of credibilityoperation of water resources in irrigation has been raised. According to the principles such as thecombination of macroscopic and microscopic aspects, the issues of water resources research underdifferent scales have been discussed in irrigation areas and the research results promote the furtherimprovement and development of the theory of joint operation of water resources.
(2)Research on the influence of global-scale irrigation on the wheat yield
With30arc of spatial resolution in global scale, this paper uses GEPIC model to estimate theeffects produced by global-scale irrigation over the increase of crop yields. According to drought anddifferent irrigation depth with100,200,300,400mm/yr, high-resolution images of wheat yields havebeen made and the results show the dependent of the magnitude of wheat yields on the irrigation indifferent areas over the world, which provides reliable basis for water conservancy policy-makingdepartments using the information in a wide range of areas to make policy about water and food.
(3) R(3)Preliminary research on water ecological degradation mechanism and diagnosis inirrigation areas scale
According to the hydrological cycle characteristics of the yellow river irrigation areas, the indexsystem has been designed on the basis of studying the structure and function of typical irrigation areasecosystem, which presents the condition of the water ecological health that includes hydrologicalcharacteristics, water environment situation, sediment condition, salinization condition and so on.Several significant water ecological issues such as hydrological situation and salinization developmentin yellow river irrigation areas are emphatically analyses. Pearson correlation analysis was used whenresearch on degradation mechanism of ecological system in irrigation areas.
(4)Research on the joint operation of surface-water and ground-water with relevant software development in irrigation areas
Aimed at the multileveled water distribution, the methods of gradually decomposition andcoordination are used in this paper to dispatch the irrigation water resources according to the waterdistribution from up to down and the optimization from down to up, through which, the appropriateirrigation patterns and systems for the main crops in irrigation areas are obtained. In order to settle theproblem of the joint operation of surface-water and ground-water, the main line of regulationgroundwater level has been established on the basis of the operational characteristics and basic situationof the People’s Victory Canal Irrigation Area. The distributed man-machine interaction intelligentmonitoring system with the multi-water joint operation has been developed, which combined thefunctions of information collection, data analysis, optimal operation and visual operation.
(5)Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of water resources carrying capacity and groundwateroptimization
Take the People’s Victory Canal Irrigation Area and the Baoji Irrigation Area for example, themodel of multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation has been established to evaluate water resourcescarrying capacity in large scale irrigation areas. Water resources carrying capacity has been analysesfrom the field dimension, time dimension and interval dimension. The process of the seepage ofirrigation water from soil water to groundwater and the corresponding mathematical model have beenmade, the soil water deep leaching has been researched, the optimum model of groundwatermanagement has been established so as to optimize groundwater.
(6)Research on the methods and efficiency of removal non-point source pollution of recession flowwith artificial wetland in irrigation areas
On the basis of experiment, the research has been made in the general purification efficiency ofartificial wetland system, the purification efficiency with advanced treatment of subsurface flowwetland and the removal effect of siphon experiment with enlargement discharge. Results shows thatusing artificial wetland has a better effect on purification of non-point source pollution, and it can beused in broad application.
引文
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