摘要
随着海上石油运输量的增加,船舶发生溢油事故的风险也相应增大,为了合理地预报事故风险并采取措施以降低发生泄漏事故后的损失,需要我们对海上溢油行为进行合理、可信的数值模拟并将其结果直观地显示,给相关的决策者提供判断依据并调动相应的应急力量做出补救措施。本文利用地理信息系统(GIS)强大的空间数据分析显示功能,结合先进的数学预报模型,进行基于GIS的海上溢油行为三维数值模拟。
现有的地理信息系统软件主要集中于描述二维空间信息,将实际的三维事物采用二维的方式表示,具有很大的局限性,大量的空间信息无法得到利用,这就需要研究三维地理信息系统。而三维地理信息系统研究对象是三维空间,必须能对与三维对象相关的信息进行建模、表示、管理、操作、分析和决策。对于一个三维地理信息系统研究而言,不仅仅是对二维地理信息系统的简单扩展,而是从空间模型分析到空间数据的结构直至三维数据的可视化,都必须进行系统的研究。同时由于二维GIS数据模型与数据结构理论和技术的不断成熟,数据库理论技术及相关计算机技术的进一步发展,三维GIS的大力研究和加速发展已成为可能。
本文选择ArcGIS中的三维扩展模块ArcScene为可视化软件平台,对海上溢油三维场景仿真进行方法上的研究。重点研究了利用ArcScene对溢油场景进行构建的实现步骤。同时,采用面向对象开发语言(Visual Basic)和ArcObjects组件技术相结合的开发环境,实现对溢油场景的一些功能开发。
With the increasing transportation of oil in bulls by ships,the risk of the ship oil spill is getting higher and higher.For reasonablely forecasting releasing risk and taking action to reduce lose,a reasonable numerical model to forecast the spilled oil at sea is demanded for the risk assessment,contingency decision-making.judgement gist and remediation measure.By taking advantage of the capacities of GIS in analysising and visual expression on spatial data,and combining the advanced math forecast model,a numerical simulation system to calculate and display the fates and behaviors of oil spilled at sea was developed.
Presently,most existing GIS used are two dimensions information in our lives.In fact,there is many information in our lives which we used is lost in the two dimensions (2D)GIS.As a system which to study the three dimensions space,the 3D GIS must has functions to deal with many information about space,such as modeling,describing, management,operation,analysis,making decision and so on.What we should do in the experience of research are not 0nly to extend the function of 2D GIS,but also to study such as the models of analysis,the methods of managing the data,the technic of visualization of the 3D data and so on.At the same time,with the maturing of 2D data model and data structure techniques,the development of databases techniques and computer technology,it is possible for prosperous development of 3D GIS.
In this thesis,ArcScene which is a 3D extension of ArcGIS,is choosed as the three-dimensional visualization platform.It could be a good method for us to simulate the scene of ship oil spill through the research of 3D GIS.This thesis emphasized on the steps of how to creat the scene of oil spill using of ArcScene.An Object-oriented programming Environment(Visual Basic) and the ArcObjects component were adopted as exploitrue environment.
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