摘要
汽车变速器是汽车传动系统的重要组成部分,其性能的优劣直接影响传动系统的性能及整车的质量。随着汽车产量的不断增长,对变速器的需求也不断增加,同时对汽车变速器的质量要求也越来越高,这就要求既要有高科技的加工手段,也要有高性能的检测设备。变速器长时间的可靠性试验以及大批量产品的性能试验,造成了能量的大量损耗,在能源危机日益加剧的今天,这显然是极不合理的。为了节约试验能耗和降低成本,应采取措施将这部分能量回收再利用。因而,研究节能型的汽车变速器试验系统,就显得极为迫切和重要。
本文综合分析了大量国内外有关资料,针对现有变速器试验系统存在的一些不足,提出了汽车变速器功率完备试验系统思想,该系统主要包括机械结构、液压加载、能量回收和控制等部分,对能量耦合器、能量回收系统等进行了理论分析、计算和设计。采用电液比例技术,实现对试验转矩的平稳加载,使系统简化,操作简单,并建立了试验系统相关总成的数学模型,根据变速器试验标准,利用MATLAB/Simulink和AMESim软件对系统进行联合仿真,对系统的能量回收进行了仿真计算。
研究结果表明,本方案试验时可以有效减少原动力功率消耗,通过对系统压力、流量等主要参数对系统性能的影响的研究,得出了系统参数变化的特性曲线及相应有益的结论,为今后的研究与开发提供了理论基础。
The automobile gearbox is the importance that the automobile spreads to move system to constitute part, the function directly influences the transmission system and the whole quality of the car. Extend continuously along with the automobile market, the request of the automobile profession to gearbox increases continuously, requesting to be high also and more and more to the quality of the automobile gearbox, this will beg since have to have the process of high technology means, and then have to have the examination equipments of the high quality. The long time experience and life-span test of automobile gearbox is very expensive. Many energy is lost. It is clear this is unreasonable. In order to save energy and reduce costs. We should take measure to reuse this energy. As a result, it is urgent and important to develop the system of economy energy type in the automobile gearbox set.
In this paper, after learning a large number of domestic and foreign information, design a complete automatic power transmission testing system. Expounded the design program of the test system. The test system is mainly divided into three parts:the part of mechanical structure, hydraulic part and control part. At first, introduce the main structure, features and working principle of the automobile gearbox test system. we choose the loading equipment, energy recovery equipment, motor and sensor. The focus is the design of the energy coupler and the analysis of the energy recovery equipment. Without that, create mathematical models of motor and hydraulic systems. A simulation is built up with simulink toolbox of MATLAB system and AMESIM.The energy of the hydraulic recycle system is analyzed, and the power of motor and the energy loss are simulated.
Through the analysis of experimental data and comparison with the simulation results, the method of dynamic modeling is regarded as a practicable idea. The effects of main parameters on system performance are discussed and some valuable results are obtained. This is useful for the designing of real system. All the work in this thesis offered a reference of CVT research and design for the future.
引文
[1]姜奎华.中国汽车工业的发展和对环境的影响[J].武汉汽车工业大学学报,1999,21(4).
[2]胡朝峰,过学迅,汪斌.汽车变速器技术的发展与展望[J].汽车研究与开发,2005,(5)：15-18.
[3]Amir Ibrahim,A,Qin Datong,LiuZhenjun.A control strategy on starting up of vehicle with automatic manual transmissions (AMT)[J].Information Technology,2005, (2):140-145.
[4]季瑞.自动变速器试验台自动化设计改进[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文,2003.
[5]王晓霞,王洪祥,潘琪.液压技术中节能与能量回收[J].机械工程师,1997,(7)：24-25.
[6]B K Powell,K E Bailey and S R Cikanek. Dynamic Modeling and Control of Hybrid ElectricVehicle Powertrain System [J].EEE Control Systems Magzine,l998,18(5):17-33
[7]H.Mokhtari. A New Scheme for a Mechanical Load Position Control Driven by a Permanent Magnet DC Motor and a Nonzero Backlash Gearbox[J].IEEE ISIE,2006,July 9-12.
[8]陈家瑞.汽车构造[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003.
[9]居滋培.可靠性工程[M].上海：上海教育出版社,2000.
[10]He Ren,Gao Zongying,Fuzzy optimum of the automobile transmission parameters, SAE paper 932922,1993,(3):2413-2416.
[11]王兵.变速器试验台研究[J].诚邦科技,2002,(10)：4-5.
[12]万里翔.汽车能量回收系统的研究[J].机床与液压,2003,(03).
[13]田联房,于慈远,李商义,刘庆和.能量回收技术在液压系统中的应用[J].工程机械,1997,(4)：31-32.
[14]杨春华.汽车传动部件试验研究[J].吉林工业大学学报,2000,(09)：29-31.
[15]W.Backe, Hydraulic drives with high efficiency, Fluid Power Systems and Technology ASME 1995,FPST-Vol.2,45-73.
[16]X. G. Liang, T. Virvalo and M. Linjama, The influence of control valves on the efficiency of a hydraulic crane,6th Scandinavian International Conference of Fluid Power,Tampere, Finland, May 1999,381-394.
[17]赵军.封闭汽车变速器试验台[J].汽车研究与开发,2000,(11)：21-23.
[18]鲍晓峰.汽车试验学[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002.
[19]郑工.封闭功率流汽车变速器试验台研发[J].吉林大学学报(自然科学版),2003,(4)
[20]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004,30-36.
[21]Tingbany.hydrlie.Instit on Automobile Transmission Test System[J].Germany. TimuComPany.2005(12):27-29.
[22]郑金传.电能封闭汽车变速器试验台[J].汽车制造业,2005,(11)：21-23.
[23]阎秀华.封闭功率流原理及应用[J].黑龙江工程学院学报,2002,(4)：19-21.
[24]董学平.汽车传动系总成电封闭试验台计算机控制系统[J].合肥工业大学学报,2000,(3)：18-20.
[25]Yoshino K. Hydraulic control system with regeneration.US6694860.2004-02-24.
[26]刘博,杜继宏,齐国光.电动汽车制动能量回收控制策略的研究[J].电子技术应用,2004,(1)：34-36.
[27]Developing of Automobile Transmission Part of TIMU[M].Manufacture Company of Germany[J].2005,(3):45-48P.
[28]张广斌.汽车变速器综合性能试验台的系统设计与实现[J].电子技术,2002,(5)：21-23.
[29]廖军.汽车变速器系统综合试验台的分析研究[J].广西机械,2002,(4).
[30]QC/T29063—92汽车机械式变速器总成技术条件[S].
[31]安相璧.汽车试验工程[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2006,324-330.
[32]刘明利等.变速箱液压加载试验台的研制[J].机床与液压,2001,(6).
[33]H. Mokhtari.A New Scheme for a Mechanical Load Position Control Driven by a Permanent Magnet DC Motor and a Nonzero Backlash Gearbox[J], IEEE ISIE,2006,July 9-12.
[34]郭应时,袁伟.汽车试验学[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2006,1-2.
[35]何耀华.汽车试验学[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2005,1-3.
[36]徐险峰.汽车变速器噪声特性分析及控制[J].汽车研究与开发,1995,(6).
[37]邵晨.轿车变速箱齿轮磨合次数对疲劳寿命影响的试验研究[J].机械强度,2005.
[38]严继东.载重汽车变速箱效率测试台的研制浅析[J].城市车辆,2003,(01)
[39]王晓丽.自动变速器试验台总体方案与机械系统和动力系统的设计及匹配[D]. 武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[40]谢如霖.同步式电动加载器的封闭功率流齿轮传动试验装置[J].合肥工业大学学报.
[41]龚询迪.动态机械效率试验台的研制[J].湖南农机,2003,(2)
[42]陈菲.轻型车变速箱寿命测试系统的研究[D],吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006,7-9.
[43]李翔晟.传动系新型节能试验系统动态仿真[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2006,33(6)
[44]林学东.现代汽车动力传动装置的控制技术[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2003.
[45]阎清东,项昌乐,冯永存.功率封闭机械式变速器齿轮寿命试验台[J].北京理工大学学报,1998.
[46]唐卓侥,石晓辉,等.机、电封闭兼用式机械传动试验台控制系统的研制[J].重庆大学学报,1996.
[47]耿聪,刘潥,张欣,张良.EQ6110混合动力电动汽车再生制动控制策略研究[J].汽车工程,2004,26(3)：253-256.
[48]纪峻岭.闭式功率流变速器试验台结构及控制系统的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[49]江祖德,曹志锡,何少勇,傅志平.自由活塞式液压能量回收机的研制[J].中国机械工程,1995,(4)：49-52.
[50]蒋丰年,段京云,朱晓毅.用闭式泵控制单作用液压缸形成能量回收式举升系统[J].起重运输机械,2004,(1)：29-30.
[51]Liang X,Virvalo T.Energy reutilization and balance analysis in a hydraulic crane.ICFP 2001:Fifth International Conference on Fluid Power Transmission and Control. Hangzhou,China.2001.306-310.
[52]江祖德,王永兴,王兴华,曹志锡.活塞式液压能量回收装置运转试验研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,1995,(4)：311-315.
[53]李永堂,雷步芳,高雨茁.液压系统建模与仿真[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2003
[54]A,hem M.A.;Tolappa S.T.;Mather D.J,Pressure-conpensated hydraulic circuit with regeneration.US6761027.2004-07-13.
[55]谭尹耕.液压实验设备与测试技术(修订版)[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社, 1997
[56]Margolis,M Energy regenerative actuator for motion control with application to fluid power system. ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement,and Control,2005, (127):33-40.
[57]杨家强,黄进.交流变频电力测功机的控制与实现[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006.
[58]Hiroshi.A Study on Road Slope Estimation for Automatic Transmission Control. JSAE Review,2000,21:235-240.
[59]秦树人.机械工程测试原理与技术[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2002.
[60]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999.
[61]三菱电机株式会社编.变频器原理与应用教程[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1998.
[62]冯瑞.基于电液比例技术的变速器疲劳寿命试验台控制系统研究开发[J].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[63]吴馨.齿轮箱试验技术[M].贵州航天,1995.
[64]王祖麟,张振利.电封闭式变速器加载试验台的设计研究[J].工程机械,2005,(2)
[65]QC/T 465-1999《汽车机械式变速器分类的术语及定义》[S].
[66]QC/T 580-1999《汽车变速器安装尺寸》[S].
[67]《汽车工程手册》编辑委员会.汽车工程手册(试验篇)[G].人民交通出版社,2001,156-163.
[68]陈涛,姚美红.最新汽车传感器检测数据手册[M].辽宁科学技术出版社,2004.
[69]四川诚邦公司.转速转矩传感器使用手册.
[70]强锡富.传感器[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2001.
[71]路涌祥,胡大纮.电液比例控制技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1988.
[72]邹伯敏主编.自动控制理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[73]N.Baydar,A.Ball.Detection of Gear Failures Via Vibration and Acoustic Signals UsingWavelet Transform. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing.2003,17 (4):787-804.
[74]Yeo H,Kim D,Hwang S,Kim H.Regenerative braking algorithm for a HEV with CVT ratio control during deceleration.
[75]金馄.先进PID控制及其MATLAB仿真[M].电子工业出版社,2003.
[76]孙增析.智能控制理论与技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997.
[77]Hiromitsu Kato,Hiromitsu Kurisu,Teruji Sekozawa.Interactive Multiple Objective Decision Method for Water Supply Scheduling in Hybrid Network Models[M].JAPAN.
[78]Keiju Abo and Masayuki Kobayashi,Development of a New Metal Belt CVT for High Torque Engines,SAE 2000-01-0829.
[79]Heera Lee and Hyunsoo Kim, Analysis of Primary and Secondary Thrusts for A Metal Belt CVT Part1:New Formula for Speed Ratio-Torque-Thrust Relationship Considering Band Tension and Block Compression,SAE2000-01-0841.
[80]Chin-TengLinandC.S.GeorgeLee,andDecisionSystem,IEEETrans.onNeural-Networ k-Based FuzzyLogic Control Computers,40(12):1320-1336.
[81]陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生.新型PID控制及其应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2001.
[82]Simulation of Hydro-Mechanical Systems Using MATLAB/Simulink and MATLAB/SimMechanics,International Journal of Fluid Power,2004,5(3).
[83]刘海丽,李华聪.液压机械系统建模仿真软件AMESim及其应用[J].机床与液压,2006,(6)：124-126.
[84]李吉,李华聪.仿真软件AMESim应用研究[J].航空计算技术,2006,36(1)：56-58
[85]Kirtland. Designing Component-Based Applications. Washington:Microsoft Press
