摘要
托卡马克中的等离子体是一种复杂的体系,很多不稳定性会影响约束。影响等离子体约束的主要物理过程包括磁流体平衡及其不稳定性,杂质辐射,电子和离子的反常输运等。如何解释反常输运是托卡马克理论面临的一个重要挑战。离子温度梯度驱动的湍流是等离子体中产生反常离子热输运的主要原因。长期以来关于离子温度梯度模各方面的研究一直是人们所感兴趣的问题。
本文研究含有多种离子成分的等离子体中,离子温度梯度的线性和非线性模。以流体模型为主要研究方法,讨论了不同离子成分和等离子体参数对各种不稳定性和稳态结构的影响。
在第一章中,简要介绍了离子温度梯度模的存在、特点、研究内容和进展,介绍了主要的研究方法和结果。
在第二章中,采用流体模型和动力学模型研究了多离子成分背景下等离子体漂移波不稳定性和各种离子成分的关系,特别给出了存在两种离子时的局域线性不稳定性条件,同时研究了不稳定性存在时增长率和η值的关系。
在第三章中,采用离子温度梯度模基本流体方程组研究了多离子成分等离子体中存在有限离子温度梯度时可能存在的一种非线性相干结构偶极涡旋。我们还利用数值方法研究了各种离子荷电,质量,成分对涡旋参数的影响。
在第四章中,我们研究了等离子体中存在横向剪切流时,线性的离子温度梯度模的时间演化以及剪切流和离子成分的影响。我们还研究了当存在横向剪切流时可能激发的一种新的非线性稳态结构--三极涡旋,利用“非模方法”研究涡旋中心的二次激发时间演化和受各种参数的影响。
在第五章中研究了多离子成分等离子体中的能量平衡和能量转换关系,研究了多离子成分的离子温度梯度非局域线性模,并利用已有的经验公式估算了多离子成分等离子体中离子温度梯度驱动反常热输运的输运系数。
The tokamak plasma is a kind of complex system,which can be influenced by a series of instabilities.The plasma confinement can be stabilized or destabilized by some physical progress,such as magneto-hydro dynamical equilibrium and instabilities,impurity radiation,the anomalous transport of electrons and ions.In tokamak theories,it is a challenge to explain how the anomalous transport takes place.One of the reasons bases on the excitation of ion temperature gradient driven turbulence,and it has been a long time since ion temperature gradient became a very interesting research field.
Linear and nonlinear multi-species ions temperature gradient driven modes is studied in my research work,in which fluid model is used as the major research method.The influence on some instabilities and stable structures caused by different ions and other plasma parameters is discussed.
Firstly,the existence(also characters,research method,development) of ion temperature gradient driven mode is introduced,the major method of research and results are introduced in detail.
Secondly,the fluid model and kinetic model are built to study the local linear ion temperature gradient driven mode in multi-ion ingredient plasmas.The condition of local linear instability is given while there are two kinds of ions.The growth rate of the instability due to the parameterηis also investigated.
Thirdly,the basic fluid equations are used to investigate a kind of stable dipole rotational vortex structure which can be excited in the presence of multi-ion ingredients.The influence on vortex properties by the ratio of the densities of different ion species is also studied numerically.
Fourthly,the temporal evolution of linear ion temperature gradient driven instability is investigated in the presence of cross-field shear flow.A new kind of nonlinear stable structure,the tripole vortex emerges in the shear flow back ground. The temporal evolution of secondary excitation near the vortex core is investigated numerically using the "Non modal method"(also called the "Bayly's method").
Fifthly,the energy balance and energy conversion equations in the presence of multi-species ions are studied.The non local linear ion temperature gradient driven instability is investigated under the background of multi-species ions.The anomalous transport coefficient due to the ion temperature gradient driven turbulence is calculated using an empirical formula.
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