摘要
随着人们生活水平的提高,我国人均食用油消费量在不断增加,尤其以餐饮业为主的食用油消费量迅速增长。从而产生了大量的餐饮业废弃油脂,这些废弃的油脂被一些不法分子收集起来经过简单的精炼后,制作成地沟油来获取利益。地沟油被掺入到食用油中回流到餐饮店、小的油脂作坊,给人们的身体健康带来了危害,损害了消费者的利益。目前,对于食用油中掺伪地沟油的检测研究很少,现有对地沟油的研究主要集中在其综合利用方面。根据地沟油与合格食用油在性质、组分方面的本质不同,对食用油掺地沟油进行了研究和探讨。
本文首先用现有的化学方法对食用油中掺地沟油进行了检测研究,主要包括以下几种方法及结论：1.硅胶板检测法。合格食用油滴于含溴甲酚的硅胶板上,会显蓝色；而地沟油滴于含溴甲酚的硅胶板上,会显黄色；此法可以对食用油中掺伪地沟油进行初步的检测。2.薄层色谱检测法。合格食用油和地沟油在薄层色谱Rf=0.73都有相同斑点,即有相同的成分,但地沟油在Rf=0.4后有很明显的拖尾长斑,合格食用油则没有。此法可以对合格食用油是否掺伪地沟油进行定性的检测。3.荧光法鉴别法。本方法主是通过检测油脂的浸出液中是否含有洗涤剂的主要成分十二烷基苯磺酸钠来进行检测的。4.紫外可见分光光度法。食用油中掺入地沟油的多少,与食用油的特征吸收峰吸光度有良好的大小线性关系,因此可将其作为定量检测的依据,用于检测掺有地沟油的食用油。
其次,本文从电化学方法检测进行了探索,着重从电导率这个因素着手,对电导率测量的基本知识和原理进行了详细的说明,介绍了电导率检测的常见测量方法,包括电桥法、运放法、分压法等。最后以单片机核心,设计了一套电导率检测的简易装置。该装置设计分硬件设计和软件设计两方面。硬件设计包括模数转换电路设计、电导测量电路、显示电路、键盘电路、报警电路等。软件设计包括初始化程序设计、数据采集程序、LCD显示程序、电导率量程选择程序设计等。
本文最后建立了检测装置与上位机的串口通信,并建立食用油掺地沟油的电导率数据库,通过对上位机使用VB语言编程,实现了可视化的人机界面。不仅可以将检测数据实时的进行显示,还可以将数据存入数据库,并且可以对数据库进行添加、修改、删除等操作。通过对这些数据的分析,可以对食用油品质、是否掺入地沟油进行分析判断,对于下一步的定量分析,还有待进行研究。
With the improvement of living standard, China's per person edible oil consumption is increasing, particularly in the restaurant industry-based edible oil consumption is growing rapidly. Resulting in a large number of restaurant waste oil, some badmen collect these oils, make hogwash oils through a simple refining,and get lawless profits. hogwash oil maybe adulterated with the edible oil back to the restaurant, small oil workshop, not only to bring people's health hazards, but also damage to the interests of consumers. At present, the study of detection in edible oil adulterating hogwash oil is lessly, but focused on comprehensive utilization. Qualified under the hogwash oil and edible oil in the nature of the different components and the essential aspects of edible oil, this paper has been studied and discussed.
Firstly, from the traditional detection of chemical methods, including the following methods and conclusions:
1. Silica gel plate method. Edible oils drop in silica gel plate containing bromocresol will be marked blue; on the other hand,the hogwash oil will be marked yellow; This method can be used to detection of these two oils.
2. Thin Layer Chromatography method. Because of having the same ingredients Edible oils and hogwash oil in TLC at Rf=0.73 has the same spots, but hogwash oil at Rf=0.4 have long spot tail, edible oils were not.
3. Fluorescence spectra method. This method is the main way of detecting whether the testing oil contain the of the major components of SDBS, which are mainly contained in detergent, to carry out the result.
4. UV spectrophotometric method. Edible oil adulteration with the amount of hogwash oil, then there will be a good linear relationship between the oil characteristic absorption peak and absorbance, it can be used as a basis for quantitative analysis for the detection of oil mixed with hogwash oil.
Secondly, the paper was to explore the electrochemical detection method, starting from the conductivity as a factor, making a detailed description of the conductivity detection in the basic knowledge measurement. conductivity method including the bridge method, transport method, release method, partial pressure method. Finally, using a microcontroller core to designed a simple device conductivity detection. The device design divided into hardware design and software design aspects. Hardware design including analog-digital conversion circuit design, electrical conductivity measurement circuit, display circuit, the keyboard circuit and alarm circuit. Software design includes initialization program design, data collection procedures, LCD display program, the conductivity range selection process design.
Finally, establish serial port communication with PC, and the database of testing result of conductivity, through the computer using the VB language program a visual user interface. Not only can be displayed real-time test data, the data can be stored in the database and the database can add, modify, delete files. Through analysis of these data, can be used to identify whether the incorporation of hogwash oil, for the next step of quantitative analysis, remains to be studied.
引文
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