摘要
中国古代帝王某些诏书,在布告国家大政方针的同时,也蕴含着有益的生态意识,例如追求自然和谐、顺应天地时令、珍爱万物生命、强调植树造林等,这些都是传统生态意识的重要组成部分。总体上看,古代帝王诏书中的生态意识,可以归结为生态和谐、生态保护、生态经营意识三个方面。其中,生态和谐是导向,生态保护是保障,生态经营是目标。追求生态和谐,要依靠生态保护；进行生态保护,长远目标是生态经营,实现持久发展。三者相互联系,层层递进,在传统生态意识发展中扮演重要角色。
因时代所限,中国古代帝王诏书中的生态意识,在一定程度上是客观的、朴素的、零散的,甚至具有多面性,与当前生态文明内涵相比有着很大的差距。但运用辩证地、历史地观点考察,其中蕴含的某些有益成分,值得肯定与研究。发掘、提炼中国传统生态意识中的有益成分,对丰富当前生态文明建设内容、提高民族自信力,具有积极的借鉴价值。论文依据中国古代历史传统分期,从生态和谐、生态保护、生态经营三个层面,对古代帝王诏书中的生态意识进行探析。
第一章“引论”框定了生态意识的概念与内涵,介绍了中国古代生态意识的缘起与肇兴,梳理了当前对于中国古代帝王诏书中生态意识的研究现状,概述了论文的研究方法、研究意义。
第二章秦汉时期帝王诏书中生态意识的初步发展,从“承天顺地,调序四时”的生态和谐意识、“顺阳气,崇生长”的生态保护意识、“劝农桑,益种树”的生态经营意识三个层面进行探讨。其中,汉代经学与天人合一背景下的“承天顺地,调序四时”的生态和谐意识,是该时期帝王诏书中生态意识的突出表现。
第三章将魏晋南朝和北朝分为两个层面,考察了魏晋南北朝时期帝王诏书中生态意识的多元渗透：第一节魏晋南朝时期帝王诏书中生态意识的自然倾向,从“上调和阴阳,下济育群生”的生态和谐意识、“水陆捕采,各顺时日”的生态保护意识、“耕蚕树艺,各尽其力”的生态经营意识三个层面进行考察；笫二节北朝时期帝王诏书中生态意识的仁慈旨归,从“惠著生民,济益群品”的生态和谐意识、“自今已后,不听滥杀”的生态保护意识、“依法课莳榆枣”的生态经营意识三个层而进行考察。其中,在玄学、佛学、民族融合等多元背景下“水陆捕采,各顺时日”、“自今已后,不听滥杀”的生态保护意识和“依法课莳榆枣”的生态经营意识,是该时期帝王诏书中生态意识的明显特征。
第四章隋唐五代时期帝王诏书中生态意识的融合发展,从“合天地生万物,顺阴阳而抚四夷”的生态和谐意识、“常慕好生之德,固无乐杀之心”的生态保护意识、“必资树艺,以利于人”的生态经营意识三个层面进行论述。其中,佛、道教兴盛背景下“常慕好生之德,固无乐杀之心”的生态保护意识,是该时期帝王诏书中生态意识的显著特色。
第五章辽宋金元时期帝王诏书中生态意识的推陈出新,从“延宗社之鸿休,召天地之和气”的生态和谐意识、“草木禽兽,皆在所爱”的生态保护意识、“夹岸植榆柳,以固堤防”的生态经营意识三个层而进行论析。其中,科技尤其是农林科技进步背景下关注“夹岸植榆柳,以固堤防”水土保持林营建的生态经营意识,是该时期帝王诏书中生态意识的进步之处。
第六章明清时期帝王诏书中生态意识的积淀集成,从“体天地之心,顺万物之宜”的生态和谐意识、“各据所守,以绝野烧延燎之患”的生态保护意识、“广植树木”、“以时取之,仍禁伤其根本”的生态经营意识三个方面进行研析。其中,传统科技进步与中西交通背景下“各据所守,以绝野烧延燎之患”防范农林火灾的生态保护意识、“广植树木”“以时取之,仍禁伤其根本”强调保护开发并重的生态经营意识,是该时期帝王诏书中生态意识的精华所在
第七章从坚持敬畏自然亲近自然、坚持立法保护动植物资源、坚持因地制宜植树造林、坚持设置生态专官四个层而,探析了古代帝王诏书中生态意识对当前生态文明建设的镜鉴意义。
Some of imperial rescripts in ancient china implicate useful ecological consciousness as well as declared major policy, such as Seeking harmony of nature, cherishing life, conforming to climate and encouraging arboriculture,they are important components of traditional ecological consciousness of China. Generally, the ecological consciousness in ancient china implicate exhibited as consciousness of ecological harmony, ecological protection and ecological management sensation,in which ecological harmony is the orientation,ecological protection is security and ecological management is the goal. The pursuit of ecological harmony rely on ecological protection; the long-term goal of ecological protection is ecological management, and achieve lasting development. They are interrelated to each other, step by step, and play important roles in the development of traditional ecological consciousness.
Due to the times, the ecological consciousness in imperial rescripts is objective, simple, scattered, or even multi-faceted, to a certain extent, and has significant gaps compared with the connotation of current ecological civilization. However, from dialectical and historical perspective, beneficial components it contains are worth recognition and research. To explore and refine the useful elements of traditional ecological consciousness in China has positive reference value for enriching the contents of the current ecological civilization and improving national self-confidence.
According to the traditional stages of China's ancient history, the thesis discussed traditional ecological consciousness in ancient China imperial rescripts roughly, from awareness of ecological harmony, ecological protection, ecological management three levels.
Chapter one:Introduction. This part framed the concept of ecological consciousness and meaning, described the origin of ecological consciousness in ancient China, combed the research situation of ecological consciousness in ancient China imperial rescripts and summarized the research method, significance.
Chapter two:This part discussed preliminary development of ecological consciousness in Qin and Han imperial rescripts, from consciousness of ecological harmony of complying with nature and adjusting for the seasons, ecological protection of persuading farmers clockwise and ecological management sensation of encouraging arboriculture three aspects.Consciousness of ecological harmony of complying with nature and adjusting for the seasons under the influence of Han Dynasty Confucian Classics and harmony theory is the salient features of ecological consciousness in imperial rescripts the period.
Chapter three:This part divided the Wei, Jin into Southern and Northern Dynasties two separate levels, and investigated the Multiple penetration of ecological consciousness in ancient imperial rescripts.
The first section discussed the prosperity of natural inclination of ecological consciousness in the kingdom of Wei, Jin and the Southern Dynasties rescripts from consciousness of ecological harmony of complying with nature and foster everything on earth, ecological protection with season, ecological management sensation of encouraging farming three aspects.
The second section discussed the trends of ecological consciousness in ancient imperial rescripts in Northern Dynasties from consciousness of ecological harmony of protecting the nature and foster everything on earth, ecological protection of forbidding injuring the animals and plants and releasing the under arrested and dedicative ones, ecological management sensation of legislating for encouraging farming and arranging the production according to the seasons three aspects.
Consciousness of ecological protection of complying with nature and adjusting for the seasons and forbidding injuring the animals and plants and ecological management sensation of legislating for encouraging farming and arranging the production according to the seasons under the combined effect of metaphysics and Buddhism are the salient features of ecological consciousness in imperial rescripts the period.
Chapter four:This part investigated the convergence of ecological consciousness of The Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties imperial rescripts from consciousness of ecological harmony exhibited as accordance with the laws of nature, ecological protection of protecting plants and animals and ecological management sensation of encouraging farming and arboriculture three aspects. Consciousness of ecological protection of protecting plants and animals under the influence of boom of Buddhism, Taoism and religious teachings is the salient features of ecological consciousness in imperial rescripts the period.
Chapter five:This part investigated the innovation of ecological consciousness in Liao, Song, Jin, Yuan Dynasties imperial rescripts from consciousness of ecological harmony exhibited as protecting the ecological environment, and pursuiting harmonious ecological protection of protection of vegetation, animals and ecological management sensation of planting trees on both sides of the river three aspects. consciousness of ecological management of planting trees on both sides of the river is progress of ecological consciousness in imperial rescripts the period.
Chapter six:This part investigated the accumulation of ecological consciousness in Ming, Qing Dynasties imperial rescripts from consciousness of ecological harmony exhibited as complying with heaven and earth, and all laws ecological protection of dividing management area to avoid the mutual influence and ecological management sensation of planting more trees according to seasons three aspects. Consciousness of ecological protection of dividing management area to avoid the mutual influence and ecological management sensation of planting more trees according to seasons is essence of ecological consciousness in imperial rescripts the period.
Chapter seven:This part investigated reference value of the ecological consciousness in imperial rescripts for the construction of current ecological civilization from adhere to the reverence for nature and close to nature, adhere to legislation to protect animal and plant resources, adhere to planting trees according to local conditions, adhere to setting ecology officer four aspects.
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