摘要
离子液体表面活性剂胶束不仅具有其自身固有的胶束性质又可赋予离子液体的部分独特性质。本文采用两种方式构建离子液体表面活性剂胶束:合成具表面活性的离子液体并且直接胶束化;表面活性剂与离子液体组合构建复合胶束。
从羟基型离子液体1-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C2OHmim][PF6])出发,对其羟基进行环氧丙烷加成,生成[C2OHmim][PF6]环氧丙烷产物,以质谱对其进行定性表征,通过滴体积法测定[C2OHmim][PF6]环氧加成前后的表面张力,讨论环氧加成产物的表面活性。
合成长链烷基咪唑类离子液体氯化1-(2-羟乙基)-3-十二烷基咪唑([C2OHC12im][Cl]),红外图谱进行定性表征,分别采用表面张力法、电导法和稳态荧光法测定其临界胶束浓度(critical micelle concentration, cmc),稳态荧光猝灭技术获得其胶束聚集数Nagg以及Nagg随浓度的变化规律。
分别选择两类离子液体[C2OHmim][PF6]、氯化1-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基咪唑([C2OHmim][Cl])与典型阴离子型表面活性剂LAS和SDS为工作对象,通过离子液体-表面活性剂二元复合构造复合胶束。在考察离子液体与表面活性剂形成复合胶束可能性的基础之上,研究离子液体-表面活性剂复合胶束的结构及其应用性能的可能改变。在本实验范围内,全文主要实验结果和结论总结如下:
(1)对具表面活性离子液体的制备的可行性进行了成功的尝试:成功实现对羟基型离子液体[C2OHmim][PF6]及其中间体[C2OHmim][Cl]进行环氧丙烷衍生化反应;改变[C2OHmim][PF6]的疏水基团链长,合成了具有典型表面活性剂性质的长链烷基羟基型咪唑类离子液体[C2OHC12im][Cl]。
(2) [C2OHC12im][Cl]水溶液的γ-lgc曲线具有与典型表面活性剂类似的拐点后平台现象,表明[C2OHC12im][Cl]具有明显的表面活性剂特质;分别利用表面张力法,电导法和荧光探针法测得[C2OHC12im][Cl]溶液的cmc和γcmc。
(3)建立了以芘为荧光探针、二苯甲酮为猝灭剂采用稳态荧光猝灭法测定[C2OHC12im][Cl]平均胶束聚集数的实验方法,在9.55-13.20 mmol/L范围内,Nagg与溶液浓度c呈线性关系变化:Nagg = 1.67c + 20.25 (R2=0.9609);推算得到Ncmc为24.4。
(4)构建1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim][PF6])与SDS复合胶束,并通过UV吸收光谱和荧光光谱证明了复合胶束的存在;[bmim][PF6]-SDS复合胶束中[bmim][PF6]所处位置应该是SDS胶束的栅栏层;SDS-[bmim][PF6]复合胶束体系对正辛醇的增溶量有显著增加。
(5)考察了[C2OHmim][Cl]-LAS、[C2OHmim][Cl]-SDS二元复合体系的cmc随着[C2OHmim][Cl]在LAS、SDS水溶液中比例变化而变化的规律,当[C2OHmim][Cl]在溶液中的比例达到50%时,cmc和γcmc的数值同时达到极值。
(6)建立了以芘为荧光探针、二苯甲酮为猝灭剂采用稳态荧光猝灭法测定[C2OHmim][Cl]-传统阴离子表面活性剂二元复合体系平均胶束聚集数的实验方法。对[C2OHmim][Cl]-LAS(摩尔比为1:1)体系,在4.15×10-4~6.0×10-4mol/L范围内,胶束聚集数随浓度呈线性变化:Nagg = 2.1029c + 30.877(R2=0.9975);[C2OHmim][Cl]-LAS(摩尔比为1:1)复合体系的临界胶束聚集数为31,也比LAS的大,这与[C2OHmim]+降低LAS分子极性基头间静电排斥有关。
(7)探讨了水溶性离子液体[C2OHmim][Cl]与典型阴离子表面活性剂LAS和SDS之间相互作用的可能内在方式为:
The ionic liquid surfactant micelles have not only inherent micelle properties itself but also some special unique properties of ionic liquid. The ionic liquid surfactant micelles were constructed through two methods: synthesis ionic liquid and micellizated it directly; complex micelle was constructed with surfactant and ionic liquids.
From hydroxyl type ionic liquid [C2OHmim][PF6], adding propylene oxide to the hydroxyl to get [C2OHmim][PF6] propylene oxide product, and the characterization has been done by MS. Surface tensions of [C2OHmim][PF6] and [C2OHmim][PF6] propylene oxide product were determinated by drop volume method to assess the surface activity of alkoxylation products.
Long-chain alkyl imidazole ionic liquid chloride 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-dodecyl midazolam was synthesized and characterized by infrared Spectrum. Its critical micelle concentration was determinated by surface tension method, conductivity method and steady fluorescence method. The micellar aggregation number(Nagg) was and its change law with concentration change by The steady-state fluorescence quenching method.
Two kinds of ionic liquids [C2OHmim][PF6]、[C2OHmim][Cl] and typical anionic surfactant LAS、SDS were chosen respectively as working object, the mixed micelle was constructed by ionic liquid-surfactant micelle binary complex. On the basis of investigation possibility of ionic liquid and surfactant micelle forming mixed micelle, the possible change of structure and application properties of ionic liquid-surfactant micelle mixed micelle was also studied.
All the experiment results and conclusions of this paper were summarized as follow: (1) The possibility of preparing surfactant type ionic liquid was attempted successfully: the epoxy propane derivative reaction of hydroxyl type ionic liquid [C2OHmim][PF6] and its intermediate [C2OHmim][Cl] was realized successfully; the hydrophobic group chain length of [C2OHmim][PF6] was changed to synthesis long-chain alkyl hydroxyl type imidazole ionic liquid [C2OHC12im][Cl].
(2) Theγ-lgc curve of [C2OHC12im][Cl] aqueous solution has similar phenomenon that platform after inflexion as typical surfactant micelles, indicating that [C2OHC12im][Cl] has significant surfactant micelles characteristics; the cmc andγcmc of [C2OHC12im][Cl] solution were determinate by surface tension method, conductivity method and steady fluorescence method.
(3) A experimental method was constructed using steady-state fluorescence quenching to determinate the average micellar aggregation number of [C2OHC12im][Cl] by pyrene fluorescence probe and benzophenone as quencher. The aggregation number of micelle is linear with the concentration for [C2OHC12im][Cl] in the concentration range of 9.55-13.20 mmol/L: Nagg = 1.67c + 20.25 (R2=0.9609). Ncmc was calculated and was 24.4.
(4) Construct the complex micelle for [bmim][PF6] and SDS ,and prove the existence of it through UV absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy;The the [bmim][PF6] in composite micelles of [bmim][PF6]–SDS should be located in the micelle fence layer of SDS; The solubilization amount of n-octanol for the SDS-[bmim][PF6] composite micelles increases obviousely.
(5) The variation of cmc for the binary mixed systems of [C2OHmim][Cl]-LAS and [C2OHmim][Cl]-SDS versus the proportion of [C2OHmim][Cl] in LAS、SDS aqueous solutions have been investigated, and found that the cmc andγcmc values achieve maximum at the same time when the proportion of [C2OHmim][Cl] in aqueous solutions was 0.5.
(6) A experimental method was constructed using steady-state fluorescence quenching to determinate the average micellar aggregation number of binary mixed systems of [C2OHmim][Cl]-traditional anionic surfactant by pyrene fluorescence probe, benzophenone as quencher. The aggregation number of micelle is linear with the concentration for the system of [C2OHmim][Cl]-LAS when the molar ratio was 1:1 in the concentration range of 4.15×10-4~6.0×10-4mol/L: Nagg = 2.1029c + 30.877(R2=0.9975);The aggregation number of micelle for the composite system of [C2OHmim][Cl]-LAS (the molar ratio was 1:1) was 31, and larger than LAS, this is correlative with that the [C2OHmim]+ reduce the electrostatic exclusion of LAS.
(7) The possible ways of interaction for water soluble ion liquid of [C2OHmim][Cl] and typical anionic surfactants LAS and SDS have been investigated:
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