摘要
随着电力系统负荷的增加，对无功功率的需求也日益增加。由于无功功率在电网中传输会造成网络损耗以及受电端电压下降，因此大量的无功功率在电网中传输必然使电能利用率大大降低且严重影响供电质量。在电网中的适当位置装设无功补偿装置成为满足电网无功需求的必要手段。
本文研究一种适合于低压配电网进行集中无功补偿的晶闸管投切电容器装置(Thyristor Switch Capacitor TSC)。在介绍了装置的无功补偿原理及接线方式的基础上，主要研究电容器的投切开关及装置的投切判据。本研究中的投切开关采用过零型固态继电器SSR(Solid State Relay),SSR内部的过零检测电路能够保证其内部的的双向晶闸管在两端电压过零时触发，避免了由于电容器残压过高而造成的巨大冲击电流，从而在硬件电路上实现电容器组的无过渡过程投切，且简单可靠。同时，在控制策略上将几种投切判据进行了比较，本文采用电压无功复合投切判据，以无功功率作为主判据，电压作为辅助判据，有效地克服了以功率因数作为投切判据的控制方式中的轻载时容易产生投切振荡而重载时容易出现补偿不充分的缺点；与仅以无功功率作为投切判据的控制方式相比，本文所采用的投切判据同时兼顾了降低功率损耗与改善电压质量。
控制系统采用价格比较便宜的AT89C52单片机作为控制系统主体。装置能够实现无功功率的快速、准确补偿且成本较低，在低压城网和农网中具有较好的实用性以及广阔的应用前景。
Due to increasing loads of electric power system, demand on reactive power was also increasing. Because transmission of reactive power in electric network can lead to network loss and step-down voltage, transmission of a great deal of reactive power necessarily resulted in reduction of using efficiency of power energy and severely effected voltage quality. It became necessary means that reactive power compensation devices were installed in proper position of electric network.
A TSC reactive power compensation device which was fit for low-voltage distribution network was introduced in this paper. Based on compensation principle and connection way, this paper mainly studied switches of capacitors and criterions of the device. Zero-cross SSR(Solid State Relay) was applied in this device. Interior zero-cross detection circuit of SSR insured that Bidirectional Thyristor was triggered in the zero-voltage condition and thus greatly reduced surge current. This sort of switch circuit achieved switching of capacitors without transition course and was simple and reliable. At the same time, some sorts of criterions were compared in this paper and voltage and reactive power compound criterion was applied in the device. The compound criterion whose main criterion was reactive power and whose assistant criterion effectively overcame the defects of the power factor criterion in which switching oscillation was often resulted in under light load and compensation was insufficient under heavy load.
Compared with reactive power criterion, the compound criterion gave attention to decreasing power loss and improving voltage quality.
AT89C52 was a sort of cheap Single Chip Microcomputer and was applied to control system of reactive power compensation device. This device could fleetly and truly compensate reactive power and was low-cost. It processed preferably practicability and wide application foreground in low voltage city network and country network.
引文
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