摘要
测井解释将各种测量数据进行处理,最终的目的是求取储层参数,进行储层的定量计算,尽可能地还原地下储层的真实样貌。在这个过程中,饱和度评价一直是是油气储层定量评价的核心。
裂缝性储层是21世纪油气增储上产的重要领域之一,近年来,人们对裂缝性储层的重视程度也日益加深。包括饱和度评价在内的传统测井解释理论基本上是基于对均质储层的研究,在面对裂缝性储层的时候,其最主要的困难在于:裂缝性储层经成岩后次生作用改造,发育有复杂多样的储集空间类型,除原生孔隙外,还有裂缝、溶蚀孔洞等次生孔隙,从而形成具有孔隙、裂缝、非连通孔洞等储集空间相互不均匀结合的储集性地层。这就使得裂缝性储层形成了严重非均质性、孔隙结构的多重性等特征。因此,建立合理的饱和度解释模型,能够提高求取精度,是准确识别复杂油气层的关键。
由于当前各个油田成像、核磁等新技术、新方法并未大规模投入应用,而普遍仍采用常规测井手段进行测井储层评价,因此本文主要从常规测井方法入手,结合塔河油田奥陶系裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层,拟提出一套以常规测井方法为核心,针对非均质裂缝性储层全新的饱和度解释模型。
根据塔河油田裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层已有的岩芯、铸体薄片、荧光薄片及扫描电镜等资料所提供的信息,对常规测井曲线进行刻度,继而提取出相关储集空间的常规测井响应特征,这样就形成了一套储集空间的常规测井判别模式。我们可以根据它为其它未进行岩芯分析等工作的井或井段提供判别依据,弄清楚它们的储集空间类型。这是本文建立饱和度模型的前提工作。
在明确储集空间的基础上,建立起一套基于三孔隙度模型基质孔隙、裂缝、非连通孔洞的储层模式。对每一种储层模式,都进行理论图板的绘制,意在弄清楚不同储集空间与整个系统的内在联系,为饱和度模型的建立提供配套的理论基础。
针对不同类型的储集空间,建立一套全新的饱和度计算模型,并利用塔河油田裂缝型储层的实际资料,进行饱和度模型有效性的验证。
The ultimate goal of logging interpretation is to process a variety of data, calculate reservoir parameters, evaluate reservoir quantitatively, restore the true appearance of underground reservoir. In this process, saturation evaluation has always been the core of quantitative evaluation to oil and gas reservoir.
Fractured reservoir is one of the important areas of increasing the oil production in the 21st century. In recent years, people pay more and more attentions to fractured reservoirs. The traditional logging interpretation theory, including saturation evaluation, is mostly based on homogeneous reservoir study. In face of fractured reservoir, the biggest difficulty lies on that fractured reservoir develop complex and varied types of storage space after changed by secondary effect. There are secondary porosities including fractures and corrosion holes, besides primary porosities. So form a reservoir composed by matrix porosity, fracture and non-connected hole. These make the reservoir non-homogeneous, multiple pore structure. Thus, it’s the key to build a proper saturation model to improve accuracy and to identify complex reservoirs correctly.
Because FMI and NMR has not been applied scaly in the oil fields, conventional logging tools are still the most common tools. Thus in this paper, we start from conventional logging tool to deal with Tahe Oilfield Ordovician fractured carbonate reservoir. We suppose to propose an unprecedented saturation interpretation model for non-homogeneous fractured reservoir based on conventional logging tools.
Under the information provided by core data, we calibrate conventional logging curve, then extract conventional logging feature about pore spaces from related reservoir, and build a conventional logging mode for pore spaces. That’s the foundation we use to distinguish other logs without core analysis. And it’s the premise we build a saturation model in this paper.
Under defining pore spaces in reservoir, we build a reservoir mode based on triple porosity model. Theoretical plates will be painted for each mode to help us understanding the relationship between different pore space and the whole system. Propose a theoretical foundation for the final saturation model.
At last, we build the final saturation model against different reservoir spaces to verify the effectiveness by production data from Tahe Oilfield.
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