摘要
随着原油资源利用程度的不断加深和市场对轻质油品需求量的不断增长，催化裂化的原料正向重质化、多样化发展，利用催化裂化装置加工焦化蜡油成为炼油厂扩大原料来源和挖潜增效的重要途径。本论文在焦化蜡油性质综合评价的基础上，探讨了兰州石化焦化蜡油加工方案。
本课题通过研究延迟焦化原料性质和优化操作参数来评价焦化蜡油的产率及其性质，得出兰州石化焦化蜡油具有硫、氮含量高，尤其碱性氮含量、芳烃含量高的特点。通过对焦化蜡油掺炼催化原料裂化性能实验评价以及裂化催化剂筛选评价，研究了焦化蜡油中碱氮含量对产品选择性及转化率的影响，考察了LHO-1、LBO-12和LBO-16不同催化剂对产品分布、重油转化能力的影响，得出了焦化蜡油在催化裂化装置加工的可行性。
焦化蜡油按5％掺入催化原料后，通过原料裂化性能实验评价表明，产品分布影响较大，原料中碱氮含量的增加使催化剂的活性和选择性下降，造成转化率下降，柴油转化为汽油的量减少了，汽油收率下降，柴油收率上升，重油收率增加。通过对催化剂的筛选评价，使用重油裂解催化剂LHO-1其产品分布及重油转化能力、总液收均优于现使用的LBO-12复合催化剂。
依据焦化蜡油性质及原料裂化性能的研究，提出了在催化裂化装置掺炼焦化蜡油的加工方案，并在140万吨／年重催装置进行了工业试验，试验结果表明，汽柴油产品能满足质量指标，但从产品分布来看，汽油收率下降1.17％，柴油收率增加0.84％，油浆收率增加0.87％，提高了柴汽比，柴油方案有利于掺炼焦化蜡油，适当比例的焦化蜡油掺入催化裂化装置加工的方案切实可行。
With the continuous deepening refining for crude oil resources and the rapid increase of market's demand for light oil, the feedstock of FCC is more heavy and diverse. In recent years, the processing coking paraffin oil in FCC has become a major way for expanding the source of FCC feedstock and enhancing efficiency of FCC. Based on the evaluating coking paraffin oil's characters totally, the paper discusses processing methods by using coking paraffin oil in Lanzhou Petrochemical Company.
Through studyed coking paraffin oil's characters and optimized parameters of operation, evaluate yield of coking paraffin oil and the characters of it. We draw conclusions that the coking paraffin oil of Lan zhou petrochemical company contains a higher sulfur、nitrogen, especially in basic nitrogen and olefin. Through evaluating the cracking properties evaluation and catalyst selecting evaluation by blending coking paraffin oil into FCCU as feedstock in laboratory, the effect of the basic nitrogen concentration in the coking paraffin oil on distributions of products and total conversion are studied at the same time the effect of LBO-12、LBO-16、LHO-1 catalyst on distributions of products and heavy oil cracking ability are investigated..
The tests results show that the distributions of products varied after blending 5% coking paraffin oil in FCC feed. The basic nitrogen concentration in the FCC feed can deactivate cracking catalyst that is the main reason for dropping conversion rate. The yield of gasoline is reduced. The yield of diesel and heavy oil are increased. Through the catalyst select evaluation, LHO-1 catalyst on distributions of products and heavy oil cracking ability are advantage of LBO-12 catalyst.
According to the character of coking paraffin oil and the research of the cracking properties, the methods of processing coking paraffin oil in FCC are put forward and carry out an industrial experiment in 1,400,100 tons per year FCC. The result showed that gasoline and qualities of diesel product can meet the product specification. In light of the distribution of products, the yield of gasoline is reduced to 1.17%, the yield of diesel is increased to 0.84%, and the yield of heavy oil is increased to 0.87%. According to the situation of production in Lanzhou Petrochemical Company, the logical conclusion is made that coking paraffin oil could only be refined by proper ratio mixing with straight run oil.
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