摘要
随着科学技术的发展和经济的全球化,社会分工日益精细,供应网络上的企业越来越多,且地域分布更加宽泛。供应网络变成了一个由全球分布的供应商、制造商、分销商、批发商和零售商组成的复杂网络系统。众多的网络参与者和它们之间的相互依赖关系使得网络更加复杂,而且运营环境也更加不确定。
供应网络在失效事件面前往往表现的十分脆弱,任何节点和连接上发生的失效会很快影响到网络上的其它企业,对整个供应网络的正常运营产生严重的影响,这样的例子在近几年时有发生。因此,在设计和运营策略上考虑失效事件的存在,使供应网络具备在失效事件发生后,能快速恢复到正常运作状态的能力无疑具有重要的价值和意义。
本文定量和定性地对供应网络弹性进行研究,提出了供应网络弹性研究的理论框架,重点建立了基于弹性的供应网络战略设计模型并进行了分析。全文分为四个部分,主要研究内容与结论如下：
(1)节点重要性评价研究。本文针对供应网络不同区域节点重要性不同的问题,提出了供应网络中重要性节点的界定规则,考虑了网络的级联效应,建立了系统化的评价节点重要性的方法。通过该方法的测试,识别出了算例网络的关键节点,进而计算出最大连通子图规模,衡量了该节点失效对整个供应链造成的破坏性,最后,本文并给出了具体的实例来说明该方法的工作过程。
(2)弹性供应链应急计划研究。本文针对供应网络单一节点失效后的应急调度问题,以制造商、供应商、分销商、零售商组成的供应网络为背景,建立了在有限资源约束下单目标成本优化数学模型,得出了节点失效后的应急调度方案。该模型使用CPLEX软件进行求解,数值仿真结果表明,该方案虽然暂时性的增加了网络的总成本,但弥补了节点失效带来的损失,满足了用户的需求,维持了供应链的正常运行。
(3)弹性应急物流配送计划研究。本文针对供应网络单一节点失效后的应急调度问题,以制造商、供应商、分销商、零售商组成的供应网络为背景,建立了在有限资源约束下单目标成本优化数学模型,提出了节点失效后剩余节点的紧急扩容方案。该模型使用CPLEX软件进行求解,通过与网络正常运行时的比较,得到按比例满足用户需求时各节点的扩容量,扩容比例。
(4)易腐品弹性物流配送计划研究。本文针对易腐品供应链的应急物流配送问题,以供应商、分销商、零售商组成的供应网络为背景,建立了在有限资源约束下的单目标多时段成本优化数学模型,得出了易腐品供应链节点失效之后的应急物流配送方案。该模型使用CPLEX软件进行求解,通过与网络正常运行时的比较,得到了各时段各节点的库存量和扩容的详细方案。
With the rapid growth of technology and global economy,social division becomes more elaborate and supply network comprises more companies.Today's Supply networks span the globe and involve many suppliers, contract manufactures, distributors, logistics providers, wholesalers and retailers.This web of participating players creates more complexities,making it difficult to realize where vulnerabilities may lie.It also enhances the uncertainties of operation circumstance.
Supply networks are often vulnerable to various failures.The failure which occurs at any node or link of supply network affects rapidly all companies in the web,and then,influences the normal operations of the whole network.Therefore,it has important value and significance to research on how to make supply network possess the ability of rapid recovery from failure to normal operations.
We bring forward conceptual skeleton of supply network resilience quantitatively,and then set up and analyze supply network strategic design models based on resilience qualitatively.There are four parts in the paper.The central contents and main outcomes are as follows:
(1) Research on node importance evaluation. This paper focus on cascading failure of food supply chain network. Firstly, a node importance evaluation method is employed to analyze cascading failure characteristics. Then, the critical nodes which may cause cascading failure in the whole network are identified. Finally, damage degree of cascading failure measured by largest connected component is tested using the largest workload tolerance parameter.
(2) Research on resilient supply chain emergency plan. This paper addresses the emergency dispatch problem in the background of supply network with mult-suppliers and mult-producers and develops under constraints of limited resources an optimal model to minimize the total cost. Subsequently, this paper gets the emergency dispatch planning solution with CPLEX. Simulation results indicate this solution can satisfy need of customers and maintain normal operation of supply network.
(3) Research on resilient logistics distribution plan.This paper addresses the logistic distributor problem based on emergency supply chain. We enlarge the capacity of supply chain according to the failure of node, and develop under constraints of limited resources an optimal model to minimize the total cost. Subsequently, this paper gets the enlarging capacity solution and proportion with CPLEX.
(4) Research on resilient logistics distribution plan of perishable products. Enlarging capacity and dynaimic inventory strategies are used in perishable products supply chain. This paper addresses logistics distribution plan problem based on resilient supply chain of perishable products and develops under constraints of limited resources an optimal model to minimize the total cost when the network operates well or one of the nodes fails. Subsequently, this paper gets the logistics distribution plan, dynamic inventoty and enlarging node capacity strategy solution with CPLEX.
引文
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