摘要
产业转移是我国21世纪区域经济协调发展面临的重大科学问题。由东北三省和内蒙古东部五盟市组成的东北经济区,伴随老工业基地振兴战略和东北振兴规划的实施,以产业结构全面调整与升级为主要特征的区域发展也进入新的里程,但产业转移作为这一发展进程的主要调控手段,仍处于起步阶段,产业链建设存在巨大的发展空间,众多需要多渠道、多手段、多学科参与的综合性研究项目正在逐步展开。
本研究立足于地理学的空间研究,发挥区域经济地理学的区域性、综合性分析特长,并结合区域经济学、产业经济学、发展经济学等社会科学与系统科学的理论、思维方法与手段,通过对国际、国内产业转移理论和实践的深入分析,从基础理论、支撑理论、核心理论及拓展理论四个角度,对产业转移传统理论进行框架重构;从地理学角度重新建立区域产业转移研究的理论架构;并运用相关理论研究方法对东北经济区产业转移进程进行实证分析,发现问题、提出对策,并制定初步的发展战略。即采用理论与实证分析,将产业转移与宏观的区域发展、中观的产业结构时空调整结合起来,是区域经济地理学产业研究的一个全新课题。
尽管国内外对产业转移理论及实证研究已有一定基础,但从地理学角度探寻具有区域特色的东北经济区产业转移的科学方案,还基本处于空白。因此,本研究对构建区域产业转移研究的理论体系和制定东北经济区产业转移战略等方面均具有重要的现实指导意义。研究的具体章节安排如下:
绪论。首先从国内外宏观经济发展趋势促进产业转移现象迅速发展入手,提出东北经济区产业转移问题的研究背景与依据。通过确定研究范围和对象,明确提出理论上从地理学角度探讨建立区域产业转移研究框架,现实上优化区域产业结构、培育整体竞争优势的研究意义。然后,对研究内容、方法及技术路线作了相关说明,确定本文所采用的是理论研究和实证相结合、统计分析与归纳总结相结合的多学科综合研究方法。
第一章,传统产业转移理论体系重构。首先,对国内外的产业转移理论与实践的发展进行了评析。其次,在前人研究的基础上从地理学角度提出产业转移的基本概念和解释,并对相关概念进行辨析。通过对产业转移类型的归纳、整理,总结出产业转移的主要特点。第三,立足于区域经济地理学,从基础理论、支撑理论、核心理论及拓展理论四个角度,对产业转移传统理论进行框架重构。
第二章,区域产业转移理论研究架构。在对传统产业转移理论概括分析的基础上,初步确定区域产业转移理论的研究架构。首先,通过对区域演变与经济地理的关系,概括出区域产业转移的基本概念、特征与类型。其次,针对区域产业转移什么,提出了区域产业转移的基本内容、核心内容、重要内容与高级内容的具体涵义;第三,分析区域产业转移如何进行?提出了区域分工与贸易合作、区域投资和产业扩张三种主要形式。第四,提出在遵循产业转移共性规律的基础上,区域产业转移具有明显的梯度推移规律、阶段演化规律、政府干预规律和产业集聚规律。最后,从产业转移与区域经济增长、结构调整与协调发展三个层面,说明产业转移与区域发展具有明显的互动效应。
第三章,东北经济区产业转移的演进。以区域产业转移理论架构作为系统分析工具,分析东北经济区产业转移问题,并提出相应解决对策。首先,对东北经济区建国前、建国初和改革开放后产业转移的演进历程进行了梳理,并总结出产业转移对区域发展的巨大贡献。其次,在对东北经济区产业转移现阶段优势条件分析的基础上,从资金、产业结构、产业组织调整及区域发展环境等角度概括出产业转移现存的主要问题。最后,从区域产业转移的内容、载体及形式等方面提出东北经济区产业转移现实发展的具体对策。
第四章,东北经济区产业转移战略探析。通过国际产业转移的经验及对我国的影响和国内产业转移的发展趋势,从战略布局与战略模式两个角度提出了东北经济区产业转移的基本战略思路,为产业转移促进区域协调发展提供了现实路径。
结论与讨论。在前四章分析的基础上,对东北经济区产业转移研究的主要结论和贡献进行归纳、总结,并提出有待进一步探讨的问题。
In China, the transfer of industry becomes one of the most importment scientific issues that faced by harmonious regional economic development in the 21st century. The northeast economic zone which consists of three north provinces and five leagues in east Inner-Mongolia, is going with the enforcement of the restructure strategy and programming of the old northeast industrial base. Regional development which is mainly characterized by wholly industrial structure adjustment and upgrading also comes into a new mileage. However, as a main adjustment means for this development course, the transfer of industry is still in an underway phase and it’s relating industry construction has great developing space. Many comprehensive research programs which need the participation of multi-channel, means and subjects are now launching stage by stage.
This thesis brings regional and comprehensive analysis merit of regional economic geography into play and bands together with the theory, thinking style and means of social science such as regional, industrial and developing economics. This thesis restructures the traditional transfer of industry theory from four angles: basic theory, supporting theory, core theory and expanding theory by analyzing the international and domestic transfer of industry theory and practice in depth. It also rebuilds theory framework for the regional industrial diversion research from the angle of geography and processes demonstration analysis of the transfer of industry course of the northeast economic zone by handling correlative study means to think out problems, bring forward countermeasures and constitute elementary development strategy. This thesis combines the transfer of industry with macro regional development and micro-industry structure space adjustment and turns into a totally fresh topic of regional economic geography industrial research.
Despite a lot of the transfer of industry theory and empirical research have been made both internationally and domestically, the exploration of scientific project of the northeast economic industrial diversion which has district characteristic from geography perspective about the theory has not been done yet. Therefore, this thesis is of great instructive and meaningful help to the aspect of establishing theory system of the regional industrial diversion research and consistuting industrial strategy of the northeast economic zone. Detailed chapters and sections are as following:
Preface.This chapter starts with the phenomenon that overseas and domestic macro-economic development tendency, which boosts the rapid development industry diversion, and puts forward the study background and basis of the transfer of industry in the northeast economic zone. Then, it brings forward distinctly the significance of building up regional transfer of industry framework from geography angle theoretically, optimizing the regional structure and cultivating overall competitive advantages. Finally, it makes relevant explanations on the research content, means and technical route to specify that synthetical and comprehensive research methods are adopted in this thesis, which combines theory study with empirical analysis, statistic analysis with inductive and conclusive methods.
In the first chapter, this thesis restructures the theory system of the traditional industry diversion. First of all, it comments on the development of domestic and overseas the transfer of industryt heory and practice. In the next place, it quotes the basic concept and explanation of the transfer of industry from geography angle according to the father studies. It summarizes the main character of the transfer of industry through induction and arrangement of its style. Thirdly, based on the regional economic geography, it restructures the framework of traditional transfer of industry theory from the angles of basis theory, supporting theory, core theory and expanding theory.
In the Second chapter, this thesis discourses about the study structure of regional transfer of industry theory. It defines primarily the study structure of regional transfer of industry theory on the basis of analyzing the generalization of traditional transfer of industry theory. In the first place, it sums up the basic concept, character and types of the regional transfer of industry through the relationship between regional evolvment and economic geography. Secondly, it points out the concrete defination of the basic content, core content, main content and senior content of the regional transfer of industry in allusion to what the regional industry transfers. Thirdly, it analyses how to carry through the regional transfer of industry and brings forward three formations as corporation of regional labour division and trade, regional investment and industry expansion. Fourthly, it brings forward the distinct orderliness of gradient process, stage evolution, government intervetion and industry convergency based on the basis of following the commonness rule of industry diversion. Finally, it illuminates the distinct interaction effect of the transfer of industry and regional development from three aspects as the transfer of industry, regional economic growth, structure adjustment and coordination development.
In the third chapter, the thesis discusses about the evolution of the transfer of industry in the northeast economic zone. It analyses the issues of the transfer of industry in the northeast econominc zone and advances relevant proposals with regional transfer of industry theory framework as an instrument to analyze the system. Firstly, it combs the evoving process of the transfer of industry before and just after the liberation and after the reform and opening up policy and concludes its great contribution to the regional development. After that, it sums up the main existing problems of the transfer of industry from the aspects of capital, industry structure, industry organization adjustment and regional developing environment on the basis of the current advantage analysis of the transfer of industry in the northeast economic zone. Finally, it makes proposals for the practical development of the transfer of industry in the northeast economic zone from several aspects as content, carrier and format of regional industry diversion.
In the fourth chapter, this thesis explores the transfer of industry strategy in the northeast economic zone. It brings forward the basic strategic train of thought from strategic distribution and model through the experience and influence of international transfer of industry and the developing tendency of domestic industry diversion. Therefore, this will provide real route to promote the regional harmonious development.
Conclusion and discussion. On the basis of the foregoing four chapters, it inducts and concludes the main idea about the study of industry transfer in the north-east economic zone and poses further questions being discussed.
引文
[1]国务院.《东北地区振兴规划》[EB/OL].www.chinaneast.gov.cn. 2007-08-20
[2]李欣广等著,国际产业转移与中国工业化新路[M],北京,中国时代经济出版社,2007(7):23-34
[3]李永文,张琴,全球产业向中国转移的趋势将持续20年左右[EB/OL]. http://www.xinhua023.com/ .2004-07-07
[4]石碧华,我国区域产业研究的理论进展[J],广东社会科学,2008(2):44-50
[5]卢根鑫.国际产业转移论[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1997.
[6]汪斌.东亚国际分工的发展与二十一世纪的新产业发展模式.亚太经济,1998(7):1~5.
[7]李具恒,李国平.区域经济发展理论的整合与创新.陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学),2004(4):94~98.
[8]陈刚,陈红儿.区际产业转移理论探微[J].贵州社会科学,2001(4):2-6.
[9]顾朝林,产业结构重构与转移-长江三角洲地区及主要城市比较研究[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2003.24-34.
[10]陈刚,刘珊珊.产业转移理论研究:现状与展望[J].当代财经,2006(10):91-96.
[11]郑燕伟.产业转移理论初探[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2000(3):19-22.
[12]魏后凯.产业转移的发展趋势及其对竞争力的影响[J].福建论坛-经济社会版,2003(4):11-15.
[13]王先庆著.产业扩张[M].广州:广东经济出版社.1998:5-35
[14] [37][54]董锁成.经济地域运动论——区域经济发展的时空规律研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 1994:88-97,108—110,132-150.
[15][47][61][70][74]陈才著.区域经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:34-50,206,66,121,206,
[16]陈计旺.区际产业转移与要素流动的比较研究[J].生产力研究,1999(03):65-68.
[17]胡建绩,产业发展学[M],上海:上海财经大学出版社,2008.45-67.
[18][26][28]芮明杰,产业经济学[M],上海财经大学出版社,2005,88-100;101-150.
[19][106]郭燕青,技术转移与区域经济发展[M],北京,经济管理出版社,2004.1-20,55-80.
[20]Qiu Y.Personal networks,institutional involvement and foreign direct investment into China’s interior.Economic Geography,2005,81(3):261-282.
[21][51]王雪.国际产业转移理论的研究现状及发展趋势[J].工业技术经济,2006,25(10):110-112.
[22] [52][53]陈才等,蒙东地区与东北三省产业对接与跨区域合作研究[M],东北师范大学出版社,2008(9):1-10.13-21,48-53.
[23]陈刚,陈红儿.区际产业转移理论探微[J].贵州社会科学,2001(4):2-6.
[24]尤晓.垂直产业迁移与我国中西部地区经济发展探讨[J].中国软科学,1996 (10):81一86.
[25]汪斌,赵张耀.国际产业转移理论述评[J].浙江社会科学,2003(6):45-49.
[27]魏后凯.产业转移的发展趋势及其对竞争力的影响[J].福建论坛-经济社会版,2003(4):11-15.
[28]马子红,中国区际产业转移问题研究(D),云南大学博士论文,2006,06.
[29]潘伟志.产业转移内涵、机制探析[J].生产力研究,2004(10):119-135.
[30] Akamatus Kaname:A Theory of Unbalanced Growth in the world Economy.Weltwirts chaftliches Archiv,Vol.86.No.2,1961
[31]安虎森主编.区域经济学通论.北京:经济科学出版社.2004.50-66
[32]Kojima,K. Direct Foreign Investment:A Japanese Model of Multinational Business Operations[M] ,NewYork:Praeger,1978.
[33] Belderbos R,Carree M.The location of Japanese investments in China: agglomeration effects,Keiretsu,and firnhye terogeneity. Journal of the Japanese and International Econonies, 2002,16(2): 194-211.
[34]陈建军.产业区域转移与东扩西进战略——理论和实证分析[M].北京:中华书局,2002.58-112.
[35](美)阿瑟·刘易斯(W.Arthur Lewis)著;乔依德译,国际经济秩序的演变[M],北京,商务印书馆,1984.11:35-45.
[36]Paul Krugman. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography[J].Journal of Political Economy, 1991,99(3).
[38]埃德加?M?胡佛(王翼龙等译):《区域经济学导论》,北京商务印书馆,1990年.101-110
[39] Raymond Vernon.International lnvestment and Intemational Trade in the Product Cycle.Quarterly Joural of Economics,1966,5.
[40][127]李松志,珠江三角洲产业转移机理及模式研究(D),中山大学博士论文,2006
[41]白玫:企业迁移研究(D),南开大学博士学位论文,2003.06.
[42]弗里德曼.弗里德曼文萃(上、下)[M],北京,首都经济贸易大学出版社,2001(02):76-90
[43]聂华林,高新才主编.区域发展战略学[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006.67-89
[44] Streeten, Paul, "Gunnar Myrdal", World Development, 18,7 (l990), PP. l,03l-7.
[45] [英]R.J.约翰斯顿著,地理学与地理学学家,商务印书馆,北京,1999年,54-55
[46][55][71]李小健,经济地理学,高等教育出版社,北京1999年,163,228,197,
[48]张亚博,当前我国资源价格形成机制问题研究,中国财经信息资料[J],2006(28):1-6
[49]曹国奇,价值三大定律,http://www.pinggu.org/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=103137&page=1。
[50]王开明,万君康.,知识的转移与扩散[J].外国经济与管理,2000(10):2-7
[51]货币资本化,http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki
[52][53]金相郁著,中国区域经济不平衡与协调发展,上海人民出版社,格致出版社,2007(09):199-200,201-202
[54][63]芮明杰,产业经济学[M],上海财经大学出版社,上海,2005(08):143-150,466-468
[56] Brulhart M. Economic geography, industry location and trade: the evidence .World Economy, 1998, 775-801
[57]彼得·迪肯,全球性转变—重塑21世纪的全球经济地图[M],商务印书馆,2007(6):31-40
[58]付晓东,胡铁成著,区域融资与投资环境评价,商务印书馆,2004, 154-162
[59]赵宏等著,环渤海经济圈产业发展研究,中国经济出版社,北京:2008(01):3-7
[60]谷兴荣等著,高新技术产业与发展中地区跨越式发展[M],经济科学出版社,2005(4):28-54
[62]刘勇,区域经济发展与地区主导产业[M],商务印书馆,北京,2006(08):285-309
[64] Martin R,Sunley P. Deconstructing Clusters; Chaotic Concept or Policy Panacea?[J ] . Journal of Economic Geography,2003,3(1):5一36.
[65]胡建绩,产业发展学[M],上海财经大学出版社,上海,2008(01):171-172
[66]王建廷,区域经济发展动力与动力机制[M],上海人民出版社,2007(09):1
[67] OlivierBlanchard,Macroeconomics(英文版).清华大学出版社,1997.33-56.
[68][102][110]谢代银著,全球产业转移区域战略抉择[M],西南师范大学出版社,2008(12):106-108,55-70,48-51,
[69] Amin A,Thrift N.Living in the Global[A].Amin A,Thrift N.Globalization,Institutions,and Regional Development in Europe (1-22)[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press.1994.
[72]Robert Keohane, "International Institutions: Can Interdependence Work?" pp.82-96.
[73]程选.我国地区比较优势研究[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2001.112-123
[75]李振泉、石庆武.东北经济区经济地理总论[M],长春:东北师范大学出版社,1988:154-155
[76]陈才等著,东北老工业基地新型工业化之路[M],长春,东北师范大学出版社,2004(10):51-56
[77][78][82][91]张国宝主编.东北振兴规划重大问题研究卷——第三篇,产业篇[R],北京:中国标准出版社.2008:40-46,196,147,198,
[79]董志凯,关于“156项”的确立[J].中国经济史研究,1999(4):93-107.
[80]孟宪章主编:《中苏经济贸易史》,黑龙江人民出版社,1991:354.
[81]石建国,东北工业化研究(D),中共中央党校博士学位论文,2006(5):64-69.
[83]徐效坡.东北经济区的区域演化特征及振兴方略[J].经济地理,2004,24(5):700-703.
[84][97]鲍振东主编.2007年:中国东北地区发展报告.北京:社会科学文献出版社.2007:2-5,60-79
[85][98]宋冬林、林秀梅、蒋成林等著,《东北三省创新能力评价及产业结构调整对策》,长春出版社,2008:21-32,71-84.
[86]中国人民银行沈阳分行课题组,东北有望成为我国经济的重要增长极,中国金融[J],2009(08):11-15
[87][93]东北师范大学中国东北研究院,东北一体化研究[R].2006(01):40-45,65-70,
[88]任太增.比较优势理论与梯级产业转移[J].当代经济研究,2001(11):47-50.
[89]金凤君、张平宇等著,东北地区振兴与可持续发展战略研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2006:10-42.
[90]王楠,陈才,刘继生.区际综合运输通道空间结构研究,人文地理,2008,23(3):54-59
[92]陈雄,朱华友,张理华.东北老工业基地产业区位问题及其重构的目标方式[J].经济地理,2006,26(3):383-386.
[94]佟宝全,区域整合理论体系的构建与实证研究——蒙东地区与东北三省为例(D),东北师范大学博士论文,2006年
[95]赵忠华著.发展新兴装备制造业与振兴辽宁老工业基地研究[M].经济管理出版社,2007(5):169-180
[96]樊纲,王小鲁,朱恒鹏.中国市场化指数——各省区市场化相对进程2006年度报告(2001、2002、2003、2004、2005指数).2006:19-21.
[99] Ariel Rubinstein edited. Game Theory in Economics,Edward EIgar publishing Lim it ed, Engl and 1990,Introduction P.Xi.
[100]荣跃明著.区域整合与经济增长[M].上海;上海人民出版社,2005:135
[101]李诚固,李培祥,谭雪兰,刘文秀东北地区产业结构调整与升级的趋势及对策研究,地理科学,2003第23卷,第1期,Vol.23,No1,7-12
[103]联合国贸易发展会议.2007年世界投资报告[R],2007
[104]国家发展改革委产业政策司综合处.当前国际产业转移的特点、趋势及启示[J].中国经贸导刊,2004(21):20-21.
[105]马强,国际产业转移及中国对策,http://www.cei.gov.cn,2007-06-11.
[107]丁敏,日本产业结构研究[M],世界知识出版社,2006年2月:32-78
[108]来有为,我国承接国际产业转移的基本趋势,对外经贸实务[J],2007(02):12-14.
[109]]陈东林,三线建设,离我们最近的工业遗产,中国国家地理[J],2006(6):96-100.
[111]石耀东,积极承接和有效利用国际产业转移的战略与政策措施[EB/OL]. ,http://www.tt91.com/overseas/wenzhang_detail.asp?ID=113486&sPage=9
[112]黑丽君.辽宁全面推进“五点一线”沿海经济带建设[EB/OL].http://news.sohu.com: 2007年06月18日
[113]王楠,陈才.内蒙古东部地区口岸空间结构优化机制与模式研究,内蒙古社会科学[J],2008(4),55-58
[114]刘丽娜等.抓住机遇率先起步—辽宁中部城市“群星璀璨”[N].辽宁日报. 2008 -04-08(02).
[115]大连银行业协会.会员单位名称[EB/OL].http://www.dba.org.cn/Site/Index.aspx.2008
[116]张国宝主编,东北地区振兴规划研究专项规划研究卷[R],中国标准出版社,2008(01):184-199.
[117]陈才等,蒙东地区与东北三省产业对接与跨区域合作研究[M],东北师范大学出版社,2008(9): 48-53.
[118]赵忠华著.发展新兴装备制造业与振兴辽宁老工业基地研究[M].经济管理出版社,2007(5):169-180
[119]宋晓梧.在促进东北地区中小企业民营企业发展座谈会上的讲话[EB/OL].www.chinaneast.gov.cn,2007-4-19
[120]梁钟荣.全国最大”煤电群落定三家分食360万千瓦[N]. 21世纪经济报道,2008-9-3(18)
[121]高斌,东北地区产业集群及发展研究,东北师范大学博士论文(D),2005
[122]朱坚真.我国东中西产业转移的路径选择初探——论中西部出海出边通道建设问题[J].市场论坛,2007(4):19-24.
[123]王洛林、魏后凯主编,《东北地区经济振兴战略与政策》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005(12):86.
[124]金凤君、张平宇等著,东北地区振兴与可持续发展战略研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2006:10-42.
