青海鱼卡地区中侏罗统高分辨层序格架内的聚煤规律研究
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摘要
在众多前人研究的成果基础上,系统收集前人资料、野外剖面、测井、室内综合研究的基础上,以沉积地质学、高分辨率层序地层学等理论和方法为指导,对青海省鱼卡地区中侏罗统地层进行了系统的划分,开展了沉积体系、高分辨率层序地层、层序岩相古地理、聚煤规律及其控制因素研究,分别建立了由低可容空间(冲积扇)、中可容空间(河流三角洲)和高可容空间(湖泊环境)的聚煤模式,并详细系统阐述了聚煤规律。
     首先,通过对研究区野外剖面详细观察,结合测井、地震及区域资料的综合分析,在岩石类型、沉积构造、剖面结构分析的基础上,在研究区中侏罗统识别出1个沉积体系组、5个沉积相,以及众多亚相和微相类型,并详细论述了各类沉积相的特征。在上述基础上,针对冲积扇、辫状河、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲及湖泊等各类沉积相中的聚煤环境进行了深入系统的研究。
     其次,根据区域不整合面,岩芯岩相的转换面,冲刷侵蚀面,古土壤层等界面研究,在中侏罗统含煤地层识别出5个长期层序界面。根据沉积环境演化、岩石序列特征及层序界面特征,将中侏罗统划分为4个长期层序。在此基础上,针对不同的沉积相类型,采用统一的层序地层学理论和技术方法开展含煤地层的层序地层研究。从中识别出短期、中期、长期3个级别的基准面旋回层序,进一步分析了各级次旋回层序特征,进而建立了各区的高分辨率层序地层格架,并进一步详细探讨了煤层在高分辨率层序地层格架中的分布规律。结果表明,中等厚度的陆相煤层发育在在层序格架中的发育于湖侵早期,薄层煤岩通常发育于基准面下降半旋回的晚期。
     最后,在聚煤环境、聚煤模式及高分辨率层序地层研究的基础上,结合前人研究成果,系统总结了青海鱼卡地区中侏罗统含煤地层在高分辨率层序格架内的聚煤规律。
On the base of many previous studies,Systemly collecting previous information、thefield profiles、 Logging data and comprehensive indoor study, with the guidance ofsedimentary geology, high resolution sequence stratigraphy etc. theories and methods, Yuqiaarea middle Jurassic stratas were systemly divided, in Qinghai Province, and the sedimentarysystem, the high resolution sequence stratigraphy, sequence lithofacies palaeogeography, coalaccumulation and its controlling factors were studied. The low accommodation (fan), theaccommodation space in (River-delta) and high accommodation space (lakes) of the coalaccumulation models were respectively established, the coal accumulation was presented indetail.
     First of all, through the study of the field profile observation, comprehensive analysis ofwell logging, seismic and regional data, based on analyzation of the rock type, sedimentarystructure, section structure,1sedimentary system group,5sedimentary facies, as well asmany subfacies and microfacies types in the study area in the Jurassic were identified, andcharacteristics of phase of deposition was discussed in detail. Based on the above,coal-forming environment of alluvial fan, braided river, braided river delta, meandering riverdelta and lake and other types of sedimentary facies were studied in detail.
     Secondly, according to the study of the regional unconformity surface, converting corefacies, erosion surfaces and ancient soil layer interface,5long sequence interface in theMiddle Jurassic coal-bearing strata were identified. According to the evolution of thesedimentary environment, lithological sequence characteristics and features of sequenceboundary, the Middle Jurassic was divided into4long sequence. On this basis, according tothe different sedimentary facies types of coal-bearing formation were unified developed,withthe sequence stratigraphy theories and methods. Short-term, medium-term, long-term3levelsof base-level cycle were identified,and every cyclic sequence characteristics was furtherlyanalyzed. High resolution sequence stratigraphy of every district has been established,and coal seam distribution in the high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework was discussedin detail. The results show that the thickness of coal seam is usually located in the lake earlyinvasion, and the thin coal were usually developed in the later period of sequencestratigraphic framework
     Finally, on the basis of the coal accumulating environment, coal accumulation model andbasic research on high resolution sequence stratigraphy,reference to previous researchresults,the coal accumulation law of coal-bearing strata in high resolution sequencestratigraphy has been systemly summarized,in middle Jurassic of Qinghai Yuqia area.
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