摘要
本文以‘西甜208’厚皮甜瓜为供试材料,研究了0、58.125、116.25、174.375、232.5、465kg/hm~2 6个施氮水平及水氮耦合对设施厚皮甜瓜果实品质的影响效应。在此基础上,选取了0、58.125、116.25、174.375 kg/hm~2 4个施氮水平,以甜瓜果实品质动态测定数据结合结果期品质形成的关键生境因子构建了甜瓜果实品质动态模拟模型。
不同施N水平下甜瓜品质间存在显著差异(p<0.05)。施N 174.375kg/hm~2是果实氮磷钾浓度受到显著抑制的拐点,高氮水平会对果实矿质养分和氮素营养累积造成抑制。本研究推荐厚皮甜瓜施氮在58.125～174.375 kg/hm~2,果实氮磷钾浓度最高。施氮在0～174.375 kg/hm~2范围,果实氮浓度与施氮量呈极显著正相关。用果实N、P、K浓度分别与果实营养品质进行逐步回归分析,建立了甜瓜果实N、P、K积累量对果实总糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白含量和单果重的最优回归方程,方程决定系数R2均在0.85以上,经DPS检验,方程F测验显著水平均小于0.05,因此从统计意义上讲,各经验方程均可通过果实氮磷钾累积量预测甜瓜总糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白含量和单果重。以灌水量和施氮量作为试验因素,采用二次通用旋转组合设计,构建了灌水和施氮量驱动的甜瓜可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白质及Vc含量效应方程。发现施氮是影响甜瓜果实营养品质的第一主导因子,灌水为第二因子。灌水171m3/667m~2、施氮198.38kg/hm~2下甜瓜可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白质及Vc含量最高。
本研究通过水、氮对甜瓜的影响效应分析,选择0、58.125、116.25、174.375 kg/hm~2 4个施氮水平。于不同处理下,通过甜瓜结果期各品质性状关键生境因子对品质动态的回归分析,构建了设施厚皮甜瓜果实品质动态模拟模型。甜瓜果实纵横径、果肉厚度随结果期累积有效温度的变化规律符合Logistic方程;甜瓜果形指数随日温差累积的变化规律符合幂函数曲线;甜瓜果鲜重、干重和果实可溶性固形物含量随结果期日温差累积的变化规律符合Logistic方程;甜瓜果实可溶性总糖含量随日温差累积的变化规律符合指数函数曲线;甜瓜Vc、可溶性蛋白含量分别随有效温度累积、日温差累积的变化规律符合一元二次抛物线;果实含水量随日温差累积的变化符合Gompertz方程曲线。此外,除不同处理下构建的果实含水量模型外,以果实氮浓度做为影响因子,将各处理下所建模型进行了简化,简化后的模型均通过F测验,且方程的决定系数均在0.85以上。
利用同年秋季不同品种甜瓜平衡施肥处理下试验资料对所构建甜瓜各品质模型进行验证。结果表明,模型能较好地模拟甜瓜果实横茎、纵茎、果肉厚度、果形指数、果实鲜重、可溶性固形物、总糖、Vc、可溶性蛋白和果实含水量及果实干物质含量随其关键生境因子的变化规律;模拟值与观测值的回归估计标准误(RMSE)分别为:0.86cm、0.7199cm、0.1883cm、0.132、8.633g、0.965%、1.2569%、1.7163mg/100g、0.748mg/g、1.5964%和0.1368g。因此从验证结果看,不同施氮处理下所建模型基本可靠,也基本能实现对果实各品质性状的预测。因受试验条件、时间等因素限制,模型的相关参数和结果还需进一步优化和检验。
As“Xi Tian 208”as research object, this thesis presents the effects of different nitrogen elements as growth nutrients on the quality of fruits of muskmelon in green house. The N levels we applies are 0, 58.125, 116.250, 174.375, 232.500, 465 kg/hm~2. Based on the data from dynamical measurements and their corresponding fruit qualities, we established a dynamic model which reveals relationships between the growth qualities and the relevant N concentrations.
Different N levels have significant influences on the quality of fruits. The inflexion, as a result of high N level which restricts the concentrations of N, P and K, is 174.375 kg/hm~2. Therefore in this study, we apply the N level between 58.125 and 174.375 kg/hm~2.An obvious positive correlation lies between the N concentration of fruit and the N level. We carried the stepwise regression analysis on fruit nutrient quality and established the optimum regression equation on the N, P, and K concentrations of fruit as the factors fruit total soluble sugar, soluble solid, and soluble protein content. The decisive coefficients R2 of regression equations are all above 0.85 and the F test’s level of equations are all below 0.05, which indicates that our model could predict the growth quality relatively precisely. The experiments were carried out to study the effects of water-N level coupling on melon’s fruit quality and establish the effective equation. We found that N is the dominant factor; water is the second primary factor on melon’s nutrient quality. The highest soluble sugar, soluble solid and soluble protein was obtained by using Irrigating 171m3/667m~2, applying N 198.38kg/hm~2.
The N levels we applied here are 0, 58.125, 116.250 and 174.375 kg/hm~2. By regression analysis of different N levels on fruit formation stage, we established the dynamic simulation model on melon in greenhouse. Fruit diameter, length and fruit thickness with the change of∑EATn fits Logistic function; fruit shape index with the change of∑TDn fits power function; fruit fresh weight, dry matter and fruit soluble solid with the change of∑TDn on fruit formation stage fits Logistic; fruit soluble total sugar with the∑TDn on fruit formation stage fits exponential function; fruit Vc, soluble protein respectively with the∑EATn and∑TDn fits quadratic function; fruit water content with the change of∑TDn fits Gompertz function. Besides, using fruit N concentration as impact factor simplified the models established under the different N levels. Except the fruit water content model established under different N levels, the other simplified models all got through F test and F test’s decisive coefficients of these models were all above 0.85.
Using the materials and different species in fall within one year validated the established models on the balanced fertilization level. The result showed that the models could simulate the change of fruit diameter and length, fruit thickness, fruit shape index, fruit fresh weight, soluble solid, total sugar, Vitamin C, soluble protein, water content and fruit dry matter with the their key environment factors. The RMSE of the simulated values with actual values were: 0.86cm,0.7199cm,0.1883cm,0.132,8.633g,0.965%,1.2569%,1.7163mg/100g,0.748mg/g,1.5964%,0.1368g. Therefore, from the Verification results, the models established under different N levels were all basic reliable and also realized the forecasting on fruit’s evey quality characters. Because of the limitation of experimental conditions and time, the model’s related parameters and results all need further optimization and inspection.
引文
鲍士旦.2000.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,78-85.
毕宏文.1997.水分对蔬菜产品质量影响.北方园艺,18(06):68-69.
曹宏鑫.2001.小麦群体与土壤水分及氮素动态的模拟优化决策研究[博士学位论文].南京:南京农业大学.32-45
曹卫星,罗卫红.2000.作物系统模拟及智能管理.北京:华文出版社.5-10.
陈碧华,郜庆炉,段爱旺,等.2008.日光温室内膜下滴灌水肥耦合技术对番茄品质的影响.江苏农业学报,24(4):476-479.
陈兰强,牛汝花,田俊梅,等.2005.钾肥施用对甜瓜产量和品质的影响,土壤肥料,(1)4-8.
陈尚谟,黄寿波,等.1988.温辐光果树气象学.北京:气象出版社,(2):209-226
高亮之,金之庆,黄耀,等.1992.水稻栽培计算机模拟优化决策系统.北京:中国农业出版社,12-16.
高亮之,金之庆,黄耀,等.2002.水稻栽培计算机模拟优化决策系统.北京:中国农业出版社,10-15.
高小杰.1997.南京市郊主要蔬菜硝酸盐的污染现状评价.农村生态环境,13(1):59-61.
关军锋等著.2000.果品品质研究,河北科学技术出版社,81-92.
何天秀,何成辉,吴得意.1992.蔬菜中硝酸盐含量及其钾含量的关系.农业环境保护,11(5): 209-211.
贺超兴,齐维强,张志斌.2004.基于积温的温室番茄果实发育规律研究.中国农业科学研究院报, 13(1):285-291.
侯加林,王一鸣,徐云,岳均.2006.番茄生长发育非线性模拟模型.农业机械学报,30(4):325-328
胡勤海,叶兆杰,马生良.1991.杭州市蔬菜硝酸盐污染现状及防治对策.环境污染与防治,13(4): 5-9.
黄庆,孙映波,谢汝升,等.2000.不同氮素水平对厚皮甜瓜品质和产量的影响.广东农业科学,12(3):15-17
吉刚宏. 1987番茄光合产物的运输和分配.国外农学—农业气象,3:27-28.
李国景,等.2004.昼夜温度对温室甜椒植株生长发育和产量的影响.浙江大学学报.30(5):487-491
李佳文,张愚.蒋先明,等.2000.蔬菜栽培学各论(北方本)北京:中国农业出版社:247-248.
李娟,郭世荣,罗卫红,2004.温室黄瓜光合生产与干物质积累模拟模型.植物生态学报,28(1):59-65.
李娟,郭世荣,罗卫红.2003.温室黄瓜光合生产与干物质积累模拟模型.农业工程学报,19(4):241-244.
李娟.2002.温室黄瓜生长发育模拟模型研究[硕士论文].山西:山西农业大学,34-42.
李萍萍,王多辉,邓庆安.1999.温室中生菜生长动态及生产潜力的模拟模型.生物数学学报,17(3):303-310.
李萍萍,周静,王纪章,付为国等.2009.温室黄瓜生育期预测的正弦指数模型.江苏大学学报(自然科学版),30(4):325-328.
李永秀,景元书,金志凤,冯涛.2007.温室番茄生长发育模拟模型的验证.浙江农学,03:252–254.
廉华.2001.蔬菜产量形成与设施内环境因素之间的动态关系研究.[硕士学位研究生毕业论文]东北:东北农业大学.12-18
梁运江,许广波,依艳丽.2008.水肥耦合效应对辣椒Vc含量的影响.人民黄河,30(10):73-75.
林多,黄丹枫.2003.钾素水平对基质栽培网纹甜瓜光合及品质的影响,园艺学报,30(2):221-223.
刘保才,赛富昌,李英梅,等.1995.影响日光温室蔬菜产量的三大要素分析.河南农业科学,11:3435
刘敏超.2002.蔬菜的硝酸盐污染及防止措施.现代化农业,273 (3):6-7
龙新.2009.我国日光温室和塑料大棚面积大幅增长.http://www.farmer.com.cn/hy/spaq/spdt/200912/t20091215_507210.htm [2009-12-15].
陆秋农.1980.我国苹果分布区划与生态因子.中国农业科学,(1):46-51
马德华,庞金安等.1997.弱光对黄瓜幼苗某些生理特性的影响.河南农业大学学报,31(3):248-250.
马新明.1996.棉花蕾铃发育及产量形成的模拟研究[博士学位论文]南京:南京农业大学.34-43
倪纪恒,罗卫红,李永秀,等.2005.温室番茄发育模拟模型的研究.中国农业科学,38(6):1219-1225
戚昌翰.2002.作物生长模拟的研究进展.作物杂志,5(2):9-15.
齐三魁.1991.中国甜瓜.北京:科学普及出版社出版,8-15.
齐维强.2004.积温对日光温室番茄生长发育效应的研究以及模型初探.[硕士学位论文].西北农林科技大学.
青木二郎著,1984.曲泽州等译.苹果的研究.北京:农业出版社,263-267.
任鹤麟,王瑞芳,1995.番茄果实膨大与气象条件的关系.中国农业气象,16(6):17-18
任中华.2003.水氮供应对日光温室番茄生育,品质及土壤环境的影响.[中国农业大学博士学位论文],北京:中国农业大学,23-32
任祖淦.1997.化学氮肥对蔬菜硝酸款污染影响的研究.中国环境科学,17(4):326-329.
任祖金,邱孝煊,蔡元呈等.1998.氮肥施用与蔬菜硝酸盐累积的相关研究.大豆科学, 16(2):178-180.
施泽平.2005.温室甜瓜生长模型的研究及栽培管理专家系统的建立.[博士学位论文].南京:南京农业大学,53-61.
舒宝通,涂宏兰.1992.黄瓜果实增长与气象条件关系.中国农业气象,13(5):9-12.
司立征,李立昆等.2010.陕西早春茬厚皮甜瓜浇水技术.中国瓜菜,(2):45-46.
孙忠富,陈人杰. 2002.温室作物模型研究基本理念与技术方法的探讨.中国农业科学,35(3):320-324.
孙忠富,陈人杰.2001.温室园艺作物生长发育模型研究现状与发展趋势.园艺学报,28(增刊):700-704.
孙忠富,陈人杰.2003.温室番茄生长发育动态模型与计算机模拟系统初探.中国生态农业学报, 11(2):84-88.
孙忠富,陈人杰.2003.温室作物模型与环境控制管理研究.中国生态农业学报,11(4):1-3.
谭金芳. 2003.作物施肥原理与技术.北京:中国农业大学出版社,23-43.
汤丽玲,陈清,张福锁.2004.日光温室番茄的氮素追施与反馈调控.植物营养与肥料学报,10(4):391-397
唐卫东,李萍萍,卢章平,周静,刘卫.2007.现代温室黄瓜发育动态模型研究.安徽农业科学,35(21):6421-6422.
王成良,盛炳成.1995.影响富士苹果品质若干因子的相关研究.果树科学,12:29-31.
王丽娟,李天来,齐红岩,赵明兴,郝文辉.2006.长期夜间亚低温对番茄生长发育及光合产物分配的影响.沈阳农业大学学报,37(3):300-303.
王柳,张福墁,魏秀菊.2007.不同氮肥对日光温室黄瓜品质和产量的影响.农业工程学报,23(12)225-228.
王鹏,李卫欣,孙永涛.2005温室甜瓜生长发育与光温环境量化关系研究.河北北方学院学报(自然科学版),2: 62-66
王平.2006.温室番茄干物质积累与养分吸收模拟模型的研究.[硕士论文].山东:东北农业大学,45-57.
王向东,2003.小麦产量和品质形成模拟模型的研究.[硕士学位论文].河北:河北农业大学,21-25.
王中原,Thammasak,Thongket.2001.无土栽培不同营养水平对网纹甜瓜生长发育的影响.中国西瓜甜瓜,(1):10-13.
吴孔明,刘孝纯,刘芹轩.1996.棉花生育的积温模型.华北农学报,11(2):74—80.
肖深根,番茄干物质优化分配与苗期生长模拟研究,湖南:湖南农业大学,[博士学位论文],16-17.
谢云,Kiniry J R. 2002.国外作物生长模型发展综述.作物学报,28(2):190-195.
谢云.2002.国外作物生长发展模型.作物学报,3(2)190-195.
谢祝捷,曹卫星,罗卫红.2001.作物生长模拟模型在上海精准农业和智能温室中的运用及前景(综述).上海农业学报,17(2):17-21.
徐刚,郭世荣,张昌伟,金亮,罗卫红,等.2005.温室小型西瓜光合生产与干物质积累模拟模型.果树学报,22(2):129-133.
徐刚,张昌伟,李德翠,孙艳军.2007.温室番茄光合生产和干物质积累模型的建立.内蒙古农业大学学报,28(3):171-176.
许如意.2004.氮素营养对网纹甜瓜生长和品质的影响[博士学位论文].北京:华中农业大学.45-48.
杨京平.1999.作物生长模拟模型及其应用.应用生态学报,10(4):501-505.
杨宁,廖桂平.2001.作物生长模拟研究进展.作物研究,3(2):7-9.
杨在强.2007.温室标准切花菊生长发育和品质模拟模型的研究.[博士论文].南京:南京农业大学.53-61.
杨振伟,杨梅宁,杨喜魁等.1996.气象因子与苹果主要营养成分的关系.河北省果树学会第十三届学术年会论文集.115-117.
易秀,2001.农事活动对水资源的非点源污染问题.西安工程学院学报.23(2):42-45.
殷红.2000.作物生产系统模拟模型研究进展.杂粮作物,20(3):30-33
于海业,马成林,陈晓光.1997.发达国家温室设施自动化研究的现状.农业工程学报,13:253-257.
于忠仕.2003.提高厚皮甜瓜含糖量的关键技术.新农业,第6期:21-23
袁昌梅.2006.温室网纹甜瓜生长发育模拟模型研究.[博士论文].南京:南京农业大学,53-61
袁发志,周静芋,2000.试验设计与分析.北京:高等教育出版社.45-57.
张爱慧.2004,钾营养水平对网纹甜瓜生长发育及品质的影响.蔬菜试验研究,12(6),30-31.
张光伦,生态因子对果实品质的影响.果树科学,1994,11:120-124
张光伦.1987.果树生态适宜条件与阿坝州苹果生态适宜性研究.果树科学,4(3):10-16
张红,贺超兴,王怀送,张志斌,张显,伊鸿平,吴明珠.2009 .温室甜瓜果实糖酸累积模拟模型研究.华北农学报,24(刊):83-186.
张宏伟,2005.温室甜瓜习惯施肥与平衡施肥的比较研究[硕士论文].杨凌,西北农林科技大学,45-48.
张建国.2004.西瓜甜瓜大棚春季栽培和秋季栽培有何区别,中国西瓜甜瓜(3):54-55.
张建军,马希满,杜继壮等.1994.红富士苹果新梢及叶片与果实品质的关系.中国果树,(3):15-17.
张录达,蒋仲怀,1998.玉米籽粒灌浆与积温关系的非线形动态模型.中国农业大学学报,3(145-49).
赵怀勇,李群,张红菊.2007.加工番茄可溶性固形物含量相关因素研究.北方园艺, (2):22-24.
浙江农业大学主编.1994.作物营养与施肥.北京:农业出版社,23-43.
周晓峰,沈斌,罗志义.1997.大棚番茄生长发育与棉铃虫危害的模拟模型研究.生态学报,14(1): 77-81.
Baker D N.et al.1976.A Simulator Of cotton Crop dynamics.In: Computers applied to the management of large-Scale .Agricultural Enterprices.Proc.VSA-VSSR Seminar, 492:100–123.
Bonesmo H.1999.Modelling spring growth of timothy and meadow fescue by an expolinear growth equation. Acta Agriculture Scandinavica, 49(4):216-224.
C.A.Campbell.1979.Effect of Temperature,nitrogen fertilization and Moisture Stress on Yield,Yield Components,Protein Components and Moisture Use Efficiency Of Manitou Spring Wheat.Plant Sci, 59:965~974
Campbell C.A.1981.Effect of Temperature,nitrogen,Temperature,Growth Stage All Duration of Moisture Stress on Yield Components and Protein Components and Moisture Use Efficiency of Manitou SpringWheat.Plant Sci,61:549-563
Control.Computes and Electronicsin Agriculture (18): 167-186.
CooPer A J.1964.A study of development of the first in floreseenee of greenhouse tomatoes.Hortie.Sei, 39:92-97.
Dayan E, et a1.1993.Development, calibration and validation of a greenhouse tomato growth model.Field calibration and validation.Agricultural System, 43:165-183.
De Koning A N M.1994.Development and dry matter distribution in tomato: a quantitative approach. Wageningen: Wageningen Agric.univ.240-247
de Wit C T. 1965.Photosynthesis of leaf canopies.Wageningen: Agric Res Repo, 20:141-143
Ebel RC, Proebsting EL.1993.Regulated deficit irrigation may alter apple maturity, quality and storage life. HortSci, 28:141-143.
Fallachi E, Simons BR.1996.Interrelations among leaf and fruit mineral nutrients and fruit quality in “Delicious”apples. Tree Fruit Productions.1:15-25.
Fallachi E,Richardson DG,Westwood MN et al.1985.Relationships among mineral nutrition,ethylene and post-harvest physiology in apples on six rootstocks,fertilizers,matrrity,and storage.J Amer Soc Hort Sci,110:71-74.
Fernandez A, Martinez-H E P, Oliveira-L R de, et el.2002.Effect of nutrient sources on yield, fruit quality and nutritional status of cucumber plants, cultivated in hydroponics.Horticultura Brasileira, 20(4):571-575.
France J, Thornley J H M. 1986.Mathematical models in agriculture: A quantitative approach to problems in agriculture and related sciences.Butterworth&Co (Publishers) Ltd.1984 (Whisler F D, Acock B, Baker D N, et al.Crop simulation models in agronomic systems.Advances in Agronomy, 40:141-207
Génard M, LescourretF,Gomez L,et al. 2003.Changes in fruit sugar concentrations in response to assimilate supply, metabolism and dilution: amodeling approach applied to peach fruit (Prunuspersica).Tree Physiology, 23:373-385.
Génard M, ReichM, Habib R, et al. 1999.Correlations between sugar and acid content and peach growth. Horticulture Science Biotech, 74: 772-776.
GijZen H, Dayan E.1998.A mode for greenhouse crops and greenhouse climate.Acta Horticulture. 43:456-478.
Gruse RR, Wierand CL, Swanson WA. 1982. The effect of rainfall and irrigation management on citrus juice quality in Texas.J Amer Soc .Hort Sci, 107:767-770.
He C X,Qi W Q, Zhang Z B. 2004.Study on Tomato’s Fruit Development Regular Based on Effective Temperature in Greenhouse.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,285-291.
Jang H.G.C.1998.ultivar differences in production irregularity in sweet pepper.department of horticulture.Wageningen Agricultural University, (48):221-243.
Jennis S, Stewart K A, Bourgeois G, C loutier D C.1998.Predicting yield and time tomaturity of muskmelons from weather and crop observations .the American Society for Horticultural Science,123(2): 195-201.
Krystyna E, Irena B.1999.Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on quality of fresh and frozen broccoli.Vegetable .Crops research bulletin, 50:93-106.
LobitP, Génard M, Wu B H, et al. 2003.Modelling citrateme-tabolism in fruits: responses to growth andtemperature. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54: 2489-2490.
Lotter JDEV, Beukes DJ, Weber H W. 1985. Growth and quality of apples as affected by different irrigation treatment. Hort Sci, 60(2):181-192.
Lvarra L, F lores J, Carlos J .2001.Growth and yield of muskmelon in response to plastic mulch and row covers. Scientia Horticulturae,87(5):615-621.
Marcelis L. F. M .1992.Effects of sink demand on photosynthesis in cucumber.J.Exp.Bot, 69(2): 487-492.
Marcelis LFM, Gijzen H. 1998. Evaluation under com2 mercial conditions of a model of prediction of the yield and quality of cucumber fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 76: 171-181.
Marcelis LFM. 1996. Sink strength as a determinant of drymatter partitioning in the whole p lant. Journal of Ex2 perimental Botany, 47: 1281-1291.
Onsinejad R,A bak K.1999.Detem inactions of a suitable formula for the calculation of sum growing degree days in water melon.ActaHorticulturae,492:297-302.
Pardossi A, Giacom et P, Malorgio F, A lbini FM, MurelliC, Serra G, Vernieri P, Tognoni F. The influence of growing season on fruit yield and quality of greenhouse melon (Cucumism elo L.)Grown in nutrient film technique in an editerranean climate.Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2000, 75(4):488-493.
Paseual B, MarotoJ V, Sanbautista A.et al..2000. Influence of watering on the vield and cracking of cherry, fresh market and proeessing tomatoes.The joumal of horticultural seience & biotechnology, 75(2):171-175.
PHENE C J,HUTMACHER R B,DAVISK R,et al.1990.Water-fertilizer management of processing tomatoes.Plant Sci,277:137-193.
QuilotB, Kervella J, Génard M, et al.2005.Analysing the ge-netic control ofpeach fruitquality through an exophysio-logical model combined with Aqtl APPROACH. J Exp Bot, 56: 3083-3092.
Segine I .1997.Some Artificial Neural Network Application to Greenhouse Environmental. J Appl Eool, 11:755-760.
Seginer I, Shina G. 1991.Optimal Temperature Setpoints for Greenhouse Lettuce. J. Agric Engng Res Thorpe MR.1974.Radiant heating of apples.J Appl Eool, 11:755-760.
Um Y C,Kang K H,Choe J S,et al. 1994.Effects of nitrogen and potassium top-dressing levels on growth, quality and yield of cucumber under greenhouse conditions.RDA Journal of Agricultural Science, Soil and Fertilizer, 36(2):273-281.
Van keulen H and Wolf J.1989.Modeling of agricultural production: weather, soil, and crops.pudoc wageningen, 43:123-129.
W.G. 1965.Duncan(Duncan W Q, Loomis R S,William W A,et a1.A model for simulating photosynthesis in plant communities.Hilgardia ,38:181-205
Wang Y. 2005. Building of greenhouse cucumber dry matter accumulation model and its comparison with mechanistic model. Master dissertation.Bei jing: China AgriculturalUniversity (in Chinese),36(2):273-281.
Wilson J B.1988.A review of evidence on the control of shoot: root in relation to models.Ann.Bot. 61:433-449.
Wu B H,G nardM,LobitP. 2007.Analysis of citrate accumu-lation during peach fruit development via a model ap-proach. Journal of Experimental Botany, 27: 1-12.
Wurneek A E.1986.Effects of correlation between vegetative and reproductive functions in the tomato.Plant Physiol, (3):53-56.
Wuscher HK ,1989.Alteration of fruit tree nutrition through rootstocks.Hort Sci,24(4):578-583
