摘要
水资源短缺与土壤养分缺乏是制约南疆发展特色林果业的瓶颈,如何最大限度地发挥水肥综合效率,是当前亟待解决的问题。本试验以骏枣为研究对象,采用二次正交旋转组合设计,选用滴灌灌水量、纯施氮量、纯施磷量及纯施钾量为参试因子,在塔里木大学灌溉试验基地进行滴灌施肥大田试验。研究水肥耦合对枣树根区土壤水分及养分时空变化、枣树叶片吸收养分以及枣树生长的影响。得出以下主要结论:
1、水肥耦合对土壤水分及养分随生育期变化的影响具有一致性的趋势,但空间变化各异。枣树根区土壤水肥之间呈现一定的互促、互补的耦合作用和互控、互竞的拮抗作用。灌水对土壤养分呈现显著淋洗作用,尤其对土壤硝态氮淋失影响显著。从节水促肥方面考虑,初步认为全生育期滴灌水130 m~3/667m~2、纯施氮5.5 kg/667m~2以及纯施钾8.25 kg/667m~2,水、氮、钾组合处理能够提高土壤保墒能力。
2、通过二次正交旋转组合设计统计分析,得出水肥耦合对枣树叶片碱解氮、全磷以及全钾数学模型。综合分析得出,适宜枣树吸收养分的滴灌水量及施肥配比为:全生育期滴灌水130m~3/667m~2、氮肥:磷肥=2:1,相对枣树吸收不同的养分钾肥配比存在差异。施肥对枣树吸收养分影响效应较灌水大。
3、全生育期滴灌水185m~3/667m~2、纯施氮2.75 kg/667m~2、纯施磷4.13 kg/667m~2以及纯施钾2.06 kg/667m~2、施肥配比氮:磷:钾=1.3:2:1处理对枣树生殖生长与营养生长增量影响大。枣树营养生长对磷肥较敏感,且多氮磷肥对枣树生长影响显著。
Water shortage and lack of soil nutrient are the key limiting factor restricting the development of horticulture in south of Xinjiang arable area. How to maximize the comprehensive efficiecy of water and fertilizer is a pressing problem. In this test, taking Jun jujube as research object, choosing drop irrigation water, pure nitrogen, pure phosphorus content and pure potassium content were factors tested using quadratie orthogonal rotation combination design. The field experiments were investigated in Tarim university test base. Research of the influence on temporal and spatial variations of soil moisture and nutrients in Jujube tree root zone, jujube leaf growth and Jujube leaf nutrient absorption by water and fertilizer coupling was carried out. The main conclusions are as follows:
1. On the water and fertilizer coupling condition, the soil moisture and nutrients changes is consistent with jujube growth period and different in space. The relationship between water and fertilizer is obvious; they are mutually promoted, mutual assisted and complementarily coupled, mutual controlled and mutually feedback. The leaching effection on soil nutrient is significant, especially on nitrate leaching.Taking promoting fertilizer from water conservation into consideration, this research is preliminarily believed that the treatment of the drip irrigation water was 130 m~3/acre, pure nitrogen 5.5 kg/acre and pure potassium 8.25 kg/acre during the whole phase of growth, in other words, water, nitrogen and potassium combinations can promote water conservation and fertilizer.
2. While the Quadratie Orthogonal Rotation Combination Design was designed, the mathematical model between irrigation, pure nitrogen, pure phosphorus and pure potassium content and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in leaf were formulated. The comprehensive analysis showed that appropriate irrigation quantity and fertilization ratio for the whole growth period was drip irrigation water 130 m~3/acre, nitrogen: phosphate = 2:1, but the ratio of potash is various. The effect of fertilizer was greater than water.
3. When fertilization ratio was N:P:K=1.3:2:1, drip irrigation water was 185 m~3/acre, pure nitrogen content 2.75kg/acre, pure phosphorus content 4.13 kg/acre and pure potassium content 2.06 kg/acre during the whole growth period. Jujube trees growed best. Vegetative growth of jujube was more sensitive to phosphate. More nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer had significant effect on the Jujube growth.
引文
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