摘要
在大田条件下,以南疆主栽海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense L.)品种(系)为材料,分析了整个生育期的生长发育、同化物积累动态及水分生理指标的空间变异规律和生理生化特征,通过相关分析和回归分析等统计方法进行分析,得出了如下主要研究结果:
1、海岛棉棉株生长过程自身调节能力较强,单株成铃数较高。叶面积空间变化特征为:中部>上部>下部,各品种表现为:YX-193 >AC-599> XH-21> XH-28。单位叶面积载荷量随生育期推进呈增大趋势。叶面积指数、光合势均呈抛物线型,叶面积比率、叶干重比和相对生长率随生育期的推进均呈下降趋势,比叶面积和净同化率呈多峰曲线。
2、海岛棉同化物积累随时间变化呈“S”型曲线,用Logistic方程进行拟合均达到极显著水平。总同化物积累达最大值所需时间表现为:AC-599>XH-28>XH-21>YX-193,AC-599分别比XH-28、XH-21和YX-193晚4d、17d和23d,快速积累持续时间YX-193、AC-599、XH-21和XH-28分别是58d、83d、64d、74d,并且分别在出苗后第83d、94d、86d、93d进入旺盛生长期。生殖器官同化物积累速率最大的时刻t0点,YX-193、AC-599、XH-21和XH-28分别出现在出苗后120d、135d、124d、130d,同化物快速积累持续时间分别是43～44d、63～64d、48～49d、54～55d。
3、海岛棉叶水势随叶位的上升不断增大,且正常植株大于受旱植株。受旱棉株叶片细胞液浓度较正常灌溉提高了2.0 %～4.0%,达到1%或5%的显著、极显著水平,叶片细胞液浓度随叶位的升高逐渐减小,早晨叶片细胞液浓度普遍较低,中午14:00～16:00达到最大值,16:00后随气温的下降也逐渐降低。正常灌溉的棉株其体内组织含水量、相对含水量明显高于受旱棉株,相对含水量和临界饱和亏低时,水分自然饱和亏和需水程度就大。蒸腾速率日变化呈现单峰或双峰趋势,气孔导度与蒸腾速率呈正相关,叶片温度、大气温度、气孔导度与蒸腾速率的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平,气孔导度与蒸腾速率的空间变化表现为:花铃期以倒2或倒3叶(打顶前)最高,以此为分界点,随叶位上升逐渐减小,随叶位下降急剧降低。
4、叶片SPAD值随生育期的推移呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,盛铃期达到峰值,之后又随植株的衰老,SPAD值开始下降。SPAD值随叶位的上升,其变化可用二次多项式的函数关系进行描述,同节位叶片不同时期SPAD值存在极显著差异。
To study the growth and development、assimilates accumulation dynamic changes、Water Physiology of spatial distribution rules and physio-biochemical characteristics at all developing stages, field experiments were conducted in Alaer, Xinjiang Province in 2009-2010 by using four Island Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) varieties. correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze data,The main results are as follows:
1. Self-regulation ability of Island Cotton is stronger in plant growth process, higher number of bolls per plant. Spatial Variation characteristics of leaf area as follows:the middle>the upper>the bottom, each variety show is:YX-193 >AC-599>XH-21 >XH-28. Unit leaf area load capacity increasing with the growth trend of advancing. Leaf area index, photosynthetic potential showed a parabolic curve, leaf area ratio, leaf dry weight ratio and relative growth rate with advancing growth period showed a decreasing trend, specific leaf area and net assimilation rate showed a multi-peak curve.
2. Island Cotton assimilate accumulation over time showed an“S”type-curve and could be simulated with a Logistic equation to achieve a significant level. Reached the maximum of total assimilation accumulation time showed: AC-599> XH-28> XH-21>YX-193,AC-599 respectively compared with XH-28、XH-21and YX-193 late 4d、17d、and 23d, the duration of the rapid accumulation of YX-193、AC-599、XH-21 and XH-28 respectively is 58d、83d、64d and 74d, and after emergence respectively in the 83d、94d、86d、93d into the exuberant growth period. Assimilation accumulation rate of genital largest point of time t0, YX-193、AC-599、XH-21 and XH-28 after emergence respectively 120d、135d、124d、130d,the duration of the rapid accumulation of assimilation respectively were 43 ~ 44d、63 ~ 64d、48 ~ 49d、54 ~ 55d.
3. Island Cotton leaf water potential increased with increasing leaf position, and the normal plants than drought plants. Cotton leaf cells concentration affected by drought than the normal concentration of irrigation increased 2.0% to 4.0% to 1% or 5% significant、very significant level, concentration of leaf cells reduce gradually with leaf position increased,in the morning leaf cell concentration is generally low, reached the maximum at noon 14:00 ~ 16:00, with the temperature drop after 16:00 also gradually reduced. Normal irrigation of cotton in vivo tissue water content、relative water content was significantly higher than the drought-hit cotton, relative water content and critical saturated deficit low, Moisture natural saturated deficit and water-demand degree are big. Daily variation in Tr showed a single peak or a bimodal trend, Cond was positively related with Tr, leaf temperature, atmospheric temperature, Cond was significant or very significant level with Tr correlation, Cond and Tr of spatial variation as follows: during the blooming period to fall down 2 or 3 leaves (topping ago) the highest, for this boundary, with the increase leaf position gradually decreased,with leaf position decreased dramatically lower.
4. Leaf SPAD values with the growth period increased and then decreased over the trend, boll period reached peak, and later SPAD values begin to decline with the plant aging. SPAD value increased with leaf position increased, the change function of a quadratic polynomial can be described, SPAD values in different periods there were significant difference with the leaf nodes.
引文
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