摘要
无线传感器网络是一种新兴的网络技术,采用分布式处理,具有监测精度高、容错性能好、覆盖区域大、可远程监控等众多优点,在军事、交通、数字医疗等领域得到了广泛应用,因而引起了业界的广泛关注。但是由于无线传感器网络节点受到体积和成本等方面的限制,采用携带的电池,能量补充困难而且能量相对较少,这是目前无线传感器网络应用的“瓶颈”问题。因此,在保障监测任务的前提下,如何降低能耗,提高整个网络的生命周期是无线传感器网络的研究热点。
本论文针对无线传感器网络的节能问题,从冗余节点的运用、节点分布均匀性对能量管理的影响、基于节点梯次移动的节能路由和无线传感器网络管理等几个方面研究了无线传感器网络的节能问题,并提出了相应的解决方案。本论文的研究工作受到了国家自然科学基金项目(No.60572035)和通信与信息系统北京市重点实验室项目(No.JD100040513)的资助。论文的部分成果已经获得了国家发明专利的授权(专利号:ZL200610067188.7)。
论文的主要工作与创新点如下:
1.提出了基于冗余节点树的延长无线传感器网络生命周期的方法。其基本思想是在整个传感器网络的覆盖范围内,充分利用网络内冗余节点构建冗余节点树,使得簇内的冗余节点在为其对应的活动节点服务的同时,也能够为整个簇内的所有节点数据传输服务,从而提高节点的生命周期,延长整个无线传感器网络寿命。
2.提出了对无线传感器网络内节点分布均匀性的评价方法。该方法在均匀设计理论的基础上,以最理想布点为标准,采用最大最小空穴半径的均匀性度量方法,从密集性偏差和稀疏性偏差来评价整个无线传感器网络内节点分布的分布均匀性。
3.提出了一种新的基于节点均匀性的无线传感器网格移动部署算法。该算法依托网格划分,使节点在相邻网格间进行移动,尽可能使无线传感器网络节点在网络内分布均匀,相应的策略是使最大空穴半径与最小空穴半径无限接近,达到网络节能的目的。
4.提出了基于节点梯次移动的节能路由算法。该算法包括判断冗余节点算法、寻找瓶颈节点算法以及选择最佳节点移动路径算法。由于考虑了节点移动消耗能量、节点剩余能量和节点分布密度等因素,运用层次分析法,在多条件约束情况下找到最佳的移动节点和移动路径,形成节能的新路由,从而保证网络的正常工作,延长整个传感器网络的有效工作时间。
5.提出了一个通用的大规模(多种业务、多个地域、超大节点规模)的无线传感器网络的综合网络管理系统的分层模型。整个模型分为五层,从上到下依次为:综合管理层、业务管理层、网络代理管理层、网关节点管理层和普通节点管理层,具体功能除了计费管理、配置管理、性能管理、故障管理、安全管理外,还包括能量管理、感知管理、通信管理和策略管理四大功能,同时论文对该模型的可靠性进行了分析和仿真。
6.提出了一个通用大规模无线传感器网络管理系统与网关节点和其它网管的数据交换模型。在模型中定义了无线传感器网络的综合网络管理系统和网关节点以及其他网管系统间数据交换方法和接口标准。在对应的交换原语中,为了减小相互影响,实现最大限度的解耦,避免系统在交互过程中使用阻塞方式,该接口标准在实现上采用了异步消息的机制。
Wireless sensor networks are emerging technologies,which adopts distributed information processing techniques with high precision monitoring, fault-tolerant performance,large coverage areas,remote monitoring and many other advantages.It can be founded for the military purpose,intelligent traffic and E-hospital, etc.Thus,it has become a hotspot in research area.But wireless sensor networks have several special characteristics which include shortage of energy,difficulty with energy supply and so on.It's the bottleneck in current application of wireless sensor networks. So how to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by reducing power consumption to ensure the network coverage has become a new research area.
The dissertation focus on energy issues of wireless sensor networks,including energy management from the use of redundant nodes and the nodes of density, energy-saving routing based on the movement of nodes and wireless sensor network management.In addition,this thesis presents the corresponding solutions.The research work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation project "Ad Hoc network management and performance assessment of public key technology research (No.60572035)" and the project of Beijing Municipal Communication and Information System Key Laboratory under Grant No.JD100040513.The part achievement of the thesis has gotten a national invention patent authorization(NO.ZL200610067188.7).
For the energy-efficient methods on wireless sensor networks,the main contributions of the dissertation are as follows:
1.An energy-efficient redundant nodes tree mechanism has been proposed.Its basic method proposes an energy-efficient redundant nodes tree mechanism in which the redundant nodes in each cluster can be used to relay information to the base-station. The principle is that the redundant nodes relay tree is constructed according to the position of the redundant nodes and all the information received by the cluster heads is sent to the closest redundant node of the redundant nodes tree.The selected redundant node transmits the information to the base-station by the relaying of the redundant nodes tree.Simulation results show that this method can improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks efficiently.
2.This thesis presents a method which evaluates the distribution uniformity of the entire wireless sensor network.This method adopts a series of parameters which include compression discrepancy,sparseness discrepancy,self discrepancy, maximum cavity radius and minimum cavity radius to evaluate the nodes distribution uniform performance.The method can measure the distribution uniformity of wireless sensor network nodes under the condition that the nodes are deployed randomly.
3.This thesis presents a new grid movement based deployment algorithm of wireless mobile sensor networks.The new algorithm reduces the time complexity of WMSN deployment algorithm.The new algorithm,which enhances the coverage degree of the task area and cut down the coverage hole,can adapt to the application on WMSN.The proposed algorithm meets the requirement of coverage of the network deployment under the circumstances of reducing the algorithm complexity.In order to save the energy of wireless sensor networks,the corresponding adjustment strategy is to makes maximum cavity radius and minimum cavity radius infinitely close to,which gives the basic node motion solution.
4.This thesis proposes a node motion.This paper explores the motion capability and proposes a kind of node motion solution,including the way to identify the redundant sensors,the way to search for agency node and the way to choose the best node movement route.The method,which considers the factors of energy consumption, remaining energy and node distributing density,makes use of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).So we can find out the best node movement route under many condition controls,in order to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks.
5.This thesis presents a generic large-scale(a variety of business,a number of regions, the large node number) of wireless sensor networks integrated network management system of tiered model.The whole model is divided into five levels,as the following order from top to bottom:integrated management,operations management,network management agents,and gateway and network management node management unit. It's main function including accounting management,configuration management, performance management,fault management,security management,energy management,perception management,communication management and strategic management.The model's reliability was analyzed and simulated in this work.
6.This thesis presents a data exchange model of generic large-scale wireless sensor network management system,which defines the data interactive method and interface standards among the model,gateway nodes and other network management system.In the corresponding exchange in the original language,in order to reduce the impact of each other,achieve maximum decoupling;avoid using obstructive manner in the interactive process,this interface standard used asynchronous message mechanism.
引文
[1]Akyildiz IF,Su W,Sankarasubramaniam Y,Cayirci E.Wireless Sensor Networks:a survey[J].Computer Networks,2002,38(4):393-422.
[2]Cullar D,Estrin D,Strvastava M.Overview of Sensor Network[J].Computer Networks,2004,37(8):41-49
[3]Callaway E H.Wireless Sensor Network:Architecture and Protocols[M].CRC Press LLC,2004:41-62
[4]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络[J]北京:清华大学出版社,2005.5.
[5]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络[J]软件学报,2003,14(8):1281-1291.
[6]SMART DUST-Autonomous sensing ang communication in a cubic millimeter,http://robtics.eecs.berkeley.edu/～pister/SmartDust/
[7]University of California at Los Angeles.WINS:Wireless integrated network sensors,http://www.janet.ucla.edtt/WINS/biblio.htm.
[8]University of California at Berkeley.TinyOS.http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos.
[9]Byrne J A.21 Ideas for 21st Century[J].Business Week,1999,8:78-167.
[10]L.Ahling and J.Zander.Principles of Wireless Communication.Studentlitteratur,1997.
[11]S.Roundy,D.Steingart,L.Frechette,P.Wright and J.Rabaey.Power Sources for Wireless Sensor Networks.In H.Karl,A.Willing,and A.Wolisz,editors,Proceedings of 1~(st) European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks(EWSN),Pages 1-17.LNCS,Springer,Berlin,Germany,Volume 2920,January 2004.
[12][661]J.G.Proakis.Digital Communications.McGraw-Hill,Boston,MA,fourth edition,2001.International edition.
[13][682]T.S.Rappaport.Wireless Communications-Principles and Practice.Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,NJ,2002.
[14][938]R.E.Ziemer and W.H.Tranter.Principles of Communications.Wiley,2002.
[15][762]E.Shih,S.-H.Cho,a.Ickes,R.Min,A.Wang,and A.Chandrakasan.Physical Layer Driven Protocol and Algorithm Design for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks.In Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking 2001(MobiCom),pages 272-286,Rome,Italy,July 2001.
[16]R.Min and A.Chandrakasan.A Framework for Energy-Scalable Communication in High-Density Wireless Networks.In Proceedings of the 2002 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design,pages 36-41,ACM Press,2002.
[17]J.Hill,R.Szewczyk,A.Woo,S.Hollar,D.E.Culler,and K.S.J.Pister.System Architecture Directions for Networked Sensors.In Proceeding of the 9th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems,pages 93-104,Cambridge,MA,2000.
[18]ZigBee Specification[S/OL].Zigbee Alliance,http://www.zigbee.com.
[19]IEEE Std 802.15.4 IEEE Standard for Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC)and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)[S].NewYork:IEEE,2003
[20]王东,张金荣,等．利用zigBee技术构建无线传感器网络[J]．重庆大学学报,2006,29(8)：95-110．
[21]Huang CF,Tseng YC.The coverage problem in a wireless sensor network.In:Sivalingam KM,Raghavendra CS,eds.Proc.of the ACM Int' 1 Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications(WSNA).New York:ACM Press,2003.115-121.
[22]Benjie Chen,Kyle Jamieson,Hari Balakrishnan,Robert Morris,Span:An energy-efficient coordination algorithm for topology maintenance in Ad Hoc wireless networks,Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking,p.85-96,July 2001,Rome,Italy.
[23]Huang CF,Tseng YC,Lo LC.The coverage problem in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks.In:Shah R,ed.Proc.of the GL0BEC0M.Dallas:IEEE Press,2004.3182-3186.
[24]Heinzelman W R,Chandrakasan A,Balakrishnan H.An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2002,1(4):660-670
[25]W.Choi,P.Shah,and S.K.Das,"A Framework for Energy-Saving Data Gathering Using Two-Phase Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks",in Proceedings of Int' 1Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems:Networking and Services (MOBIQUITOUS),2004,pp.203-212.
[26]M.Ye,C.F.Li,G.H.Chen,J.Wu,"EECS:An Energy EfficientClustering Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks",in Proceedings of IEEE Int' 1 Performance Computing and Communications Conference(IPCCC),2005,pp.535-540.
[27]R.Wattenhofer,L.Li,P.Bahl,and Y.-M.Wang,"Distributed topology control for power efficient operation in multihop wireless ad hoc networks," in Proc.IEEE INFOCOM,Anchorage,AK,Apr.22-26,2001,pp.1388-1397.
[28]O.Younis and S.Fahmy,"HEED:A Hybrid,Energy-Efficient,Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks",IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,vol.3,no.4,pp.660-669,2004.
[29]Chengfa Li,Mao Ye,Guihai Chen,and Jie Wu,"An energy-efficient unequal clustering mechanism for wireless sensor networks",Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems Conference,2005.IEEE International Conference on Nov.7,2005Page(s):597-604
[30]S.Soro and W.Heinzelman,"Prolonging the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks via Unequal Clustering",in Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium(IPDPS),2005
[31]李成法,陈贵海,叶懋,吴杰.一种基于非均匀分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议.计算机学报.第30卷,第1期.27-36.2007.1
[32]Hussain S,Matin A.W.Base Station Assisted Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing.Wireless and Mobile Communications,2006.ICWMC '06.International Conference on,29-31 July 2006
[33]Thein Thandar,Chi Sung-Do,Park Jong Sou.Increasing Availability and Survivability of Cluster Head in WSN.Grid and Pervasive Computing Workshops,2008.GPC Workshops '08.The 3rd International Conference on,25-28 May 2008
[34]Jaekyu Cho,Gilsoo Kim,Taekyoung Kwon,Yanghee Choi.A Distributed Node Scheduling Protocol Considering Sensing Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks.Vehicular Technology Conference,2007.VTC-2007 Fall.2007 IEEE 66th,Sept.302007-Oct.3 2007
[35]Tavoularis C.R,Wicker S.B.Optimal Sleep Strategies with Respect to Traffic Patterns in Wireless Sensor Networks.Communications,2007 ICC '07.IEEE International Conference on,24-28 June 2007.
[36]Selvaradjou Ka,Dhanaraj M,6outham B,Siva Ram Murthy,C.A new battery and redundancy aware node scheduling protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks.Communication Systems Software and Middleware and Workshops,2008.COMSWARE 2008.3rd International Conference on,6-10 Jan.2008
[37]Gao Yong,Wu Kui,Li Fulu.Analysis on the Redundancy of Wireless Sensor Networks[C].In Proceeding of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications,San Diego,CA,USA:ACM Press,2003.
[38]Xinyu Chen,Lyu M.R,Ping Guo.Voronoi-Based Sleeping Configuration in Wireless Sensor Networks.Networking,Sensing and Control,2008.ICNSC 2008.IEEE International Conference on,6-8 April 2008
[39]马震,刘云,一种无线传感器网络的能耗平衡覆盖模型,北京交通大学学报,未发表.
[40]Di Tian,Georganas N D.Connectivity maintenance and coverage preservation in wireless sensor networks.Electrical and Computer Engineering,2004.Canadian Conference on,Volume 2,2-5 May 2004.
[41]Honghai Zhang and Jennifer C.Hou,,Maintaining Sensing Coverage and Connectivity in.Large Sensor Networks,University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign,2005.
[42]Taherian S,O'Keeffe D,Bacon J.Event dissemination in mobile wireless sensor networks.Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems,2004 IEEE International Conference on,25-27 Oct.2004
[43]Cardei M,Du DZ.Improving wireless sensor network lifetime through power aware organization.Wireless Networks,2005,11(3):333-340
[44]Meguerdichian S,Roushanfar F,Qu G,Potkonjak M.Exposure in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks.In:Rose C,ed.Proc.of the ACM Int'1 Conf.on Mobile Computing and Networking(MobiCom).New York:ACM Press,2001.139-150.
[45]Cortes J,Martinez S,Karatas T,Bullo F.Coverage control for mobile sensing networks.IEEE Trans on Robotics and Automation,2004,20(2):243-255.
[46]Ye F,Zhong G,Cheng J,Lu SW,Zhang LX.PEAS:A robust energy conserving protocol for long-lived sensor networks.In:Stankovic J,Zhao W,eds.Proc of the Int' 1Conf.on Distributed Computing Systems(ICDCS).Providence:IEEE Press,2003.28-37.
[47]Meguerdichian S,Slijepcevic S,Karayan V,Potkonjak M.Localized algorithms in wireless ad-hoc networks:Location discovery and sensor exposure.In:Vaidya NH,ed.Proc.of the ACM Int'1 Symp.on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHOC).New York:ACM Press,2001.106-116.
[48]Li XY,Wan PJ,Frieder O.Coverage in wireless ad hoc sensor networks.IEEE Trans.on Computers,2003,52(6):753-763.
[49]方开泰 均匀设计-数论方法在试验设计中的应用.概率统计通讯。1978,1:56-97
[50]Vlederreiter H.A quad-Monte Carlo method for the approximate comp-tuition of the extreme values of a function Studies to Pure Mathematics(To the memory of Paul Turan).Basel:Btrkha user.1983.523-529
[51]Johnson M E,Moore L M.Ylvisaker D.Minima and maximin distance designs.J Statistic Plan And Inference 1990.26:131-148
[52]Jiang S.Chert R C.Homogeneous designs of Latin square type.Applied Math 1987.2;532-541
[53]Fang K T.Zhang J T.Criteria for uniform design.Technical Report MATH-002.Hong Kong:Hong Kong Baptist University.1992
[54]叶扶德,刘民千等.均匀性的偏差度量中国统计学报、2000.38(4):353-373.
[55]周狂嘉,慕春棣.无线传感器网络中的节点密度控制策略.清华大学学报,2007年第47卷第1期.
[56]Qi H,Xu Y,Wang X,Mobile agent based collaborative signal and information processing in sensor networks Proceedings of the IEEE,2003,91(8):1172-1183
[57]Iyengar S S,Wu Q.Computational aspects of distributed sensor networks//Proceedings of the International Symposium on Parallel Architectures,Algorithms and Networks(I-SPAN' 02).Manila,Philippines,2002:23-30
[58]Wu Q,Rao N S Vet al.On computing mobile agent routes for data fusion in distributed sensor networks.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,2004,16(6):740-753
[59]Hu Donghong,Li Dehua,Wang Zuxi.New Measurements of Uniformity-Compression Discrepancy and Sparseness Discrepancy[J].Acta Mathematica Scientia,2002,22A(1):128-134.
[60]Poduri S,Sukhatme GS.Constrained coverage in mobile sensor networks[C].Proc.IEEE Int.Conf.Robotics and Automation,New Orleans.LA,2004,40-50.
[61]Zou Y,Chakrabarty K.Sensor deployment and target localization based on virtual forces[C].Proc.IEEE InfoCom,San Francisco,CA,2003,1293-1303.
[62]Heo N,Varshney PK.A distributed self-spreading algorithm for mobile wireless sensor networks[C].Proc.IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conf,New Orleans,LA,2003,1597-1602.
[63]Wang G,Cao G,LaPorta T.A bidding protocol for deploying mobile sensors[C].Proc.11th IEEE Int.Conf.Network Protocols,Atlanta,GA,2003,80-91.
[64]Howard A,Matari MJ,Sukhatme GG.An incremental self-deployment algorithm for mobile sensor networks[C].Autonomous Roots special issue on intelligent embedded systems,2002,13(2):113-126.
[65]张立,刘云.网格移动的无线移动传感器网络部署算法.北京交通大学学报,2007年31卷5期.
[66]Sohrabi K,Gao J,Ailawadhi V,Pottle GJ.Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network.IEEE Personal Communications,2000,7(5):16-27.
[67]Basagni S.Distributed clustering for ad hoc networks.In:Proc.of the' 99Int'l Symp.on Parallel Architectures,Algorithms,and Networks.IEEE Comput er Society,1999.310-315.http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/basagni99distributed.html
[68]F.Ye,A.Chert,S.Liu,L.Zhang,A scalable solution to minimum cost forwar ding in large sensor networks",Proceedings of the tenth International Confe fence on Computer Communications and Networks(ICCCN) 2001,pp.304-309.
[69]Lindsey S,Raghavendra CS.PEGASIS:Power-Efficient gathering in sensor info rmation systems.In:Proc.of the IEEE Aerospace Conf.Montana:IEEE Aerospa ce and Electronic Systems Society,2002.1125-1130.http://ceng.usc.edu/~rag hu/pegasisrev,pdf
[70]Manjeshwar A,Grawal DP.TEEN:A protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireles s sensor networks.In:Proc.of the 15th Parallel and Distributed Processing Symp.San Francisco:IEEE Computer Society,2001.2009-2015.http://ieeexpl ore.ieee.org/search/wrapper.jsp?arnumber=925197
[71]Ye M,Li CF,Chen GH,Wu J.EECS:An energy efficient clustering scheme in w ireless sensor networks.In:Proc.of the IEEE Int' 1 Performance Computing a nd Communications Conf.New York:IEEE Press,2005.535-540.http://www.cse.fau.edu/~jie/research/publications/Publication_files/chen-wu-O5,pdf
[72]Heinzelman WR,Kulik J,Balakrishnan H.Adaptive protocols for information d issemination in wireless sensor networks.In:Proc.of the ACM MobiCom' 99.S eattle:ACM Press,1999.174-185.http://nms.lcs.mit.edu/papers/spin-mobicom 99.html
[73]田乐,谢东亮,等.无线传感器网络中瓶颈节点的研究.软件学报,2006 Vol.17 No.4 P.830-837
[74]周培德.计算儿何—算法设计与分析(第2版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005.
[75]Chandra S.Chekuri,Andrew V.Goldberg,David R.Karger,Matthew S.Levine,Cliff Stein,Experimental study of minimum cut algorithms,Proceedings of the eighth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms,p.324-333,January 05-07,1997,New Orleans,Louisiana,United States
[76]Moy,J.T.(1998).OSPF Anatomy of an Internet Routing Protocol.Addison-Wesley.
[77]Linnyer Beatrys Ruiz,Jos(?) Marcos Nogueria and Antonio A.F.Loureiro "MANNA:A Management Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks" IEEE Communications Magazine February 2003
[78]Gilman Tole and David Culler "Design of an Application-Cooperative Management System for Wireless Sensor Networks" IEEE Communications Magazine 2005
[79]刘俊涛,牛建伟,刘晶晶,孙利民,无线传感器网络的管理,计算机科学,2007,34-6:34-37
[80]Zhou Ying and Xiao Debao "Mobile agent-based policy management for wireless sensor networks",IEEE Communications Magazine 2005
[81]周颖,基于移动代理的分布式无线传感器网络管理,ITS通讯,38-41
[82]Qi H,Iyengar S S,Chakrabarty K.Multiresolution data integration using mobile agents in distributed sensor networks.IEEE Transaction on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics-Part C:Applications and Reviews,2001,31(3):383-291.
[83]Qi H,Xu Y,Wang X,Mobile agent based collaborative signal and information processing in sensor networks Proceedings of the IEEE,2003,91(8):1172-1183.
[84]Wu Q,Rao N S V et al.On computing mobile agent routes for data fusion in distributed sensor networks.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,2004,16(6):740-753.
[85]DIFS:A Distributed Index for Features in Sensor Networks.
[86]Wei Liu,Yanchao Zhang,Wenjing Lou and Yuguang Fang "Managing Wireless Sensor Networks with Supply Chain Strategy" Proceedings of the First International Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks IEEE 2004
[87]Kwang-il Hwang,Jeongsik In,NhoKyung Park,Doo-seop Eom "A Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Gateway for Efficient Querying and Managing through World Wide Web" IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,Vol.49,No.4,NOVEMBER 2003
[88]Zhenjiang Zhang "The design and realization of network management system for private dispatching fiber network"
[89]辛丽华,IP网网络管理及其五大功能模块,科技情报开发与经济,2006,16-1:217-219
[90]Welks S R.Reliability modeling of Hardware/software systems[J].IEEE Trans.on Reliability,1995,44(3):413-418
[91]胡华平,金士尧,王维.分布式实时系统的高可靠性研究与实现[J].计算机研究与发 展,1998,35(9):841-845
[92]Heimann D I.Dependability modeling for computer system[A].In:Proceedings of Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium[C].USA,1991.120-128.
[93]曹晋华,程侃.可靠性数学引论[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.219-256.
[94]刘大有 杨鲲.Agent研究现状与发展趋势[J].软件学报.
[95]张云勇.移动Agent及其应用[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
[96]王汝传 卞正皑 张登银 李捷.基于移动代理技术网管模型性能的研究[J].通信学报.
[97]燕青禾.综合电信管理解决方案[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.20-60.
[98]魏宏 邱雪松 孟洛明.综合网管体系结构研究及信息模型建立[J].通信学报,2003,24(12):84-90.
[99]何慧,陈博.基于XML和JMS的异构数据交换集成[J].计算机技术与发展.2006.第16卷,第2期.71-72
[100]者敬.开放式异构数据库复制框架的研究与实现[D].博士学位论文.中国科学院软件研究所,2002-04
[101]段永威,秦峰.异构数据源数据转换工具的设计与实现[J].现代图书情报技术,2004:(4):59-62
[102]赵耿,方锦清.现代信息安全与混沌保密通信应用研究的进展[J].物理学进展,2003,23(2):212-255.
[103]马晖.常见数据系统之间数据双向转换接口[J].微型机与应用,1994:(5):10-13
[104]李军怀,周明全,耿国华等.XML在异构数据集成中的应用研究[J].计算机应用.2002.22(9).10-12.
[105]王捷,林锦国.XML数据交换技术在电子商务系统中的应用[J].南京化工大学学报.2001.23(5):36-40.
[106]李丽,田敬军,梁娟.构建基于XML的Web分布式体系结构[J].现代电子技术.2004.27(2):107-108
[107]于曦,李丹.面向消息的中间件概述[J].成都大学学报.2002.第21卷,第4期.34-36
[108]许周毅,金心宇.基于JMS和MOM的信息交换系统研究[J].计算机应用研究.2005.第7期.199-200
[109]吴永英,吕继云,班鹏新.基于JMS和XML的数据集成研究[J].计算机应用研究,2004(7): 43-45
[110]罗晓斌,董守斌,徐浩,等.基于JMS的异步消息处理技术及应用[J].计算机工程.2002.28(12):121-122
[111]朱燕,黄皆雨.基于SOAP协议的Web服务的消息路由机制[J].微计算机信息.2004.第20卷第11期.141-143
[112]王运霞,唐茎,孙健,王明哲.消息传输中间件JWMQ原理和应用[J].铁路计算机应用.2003.第12卷第12期.8-9
[113]闻敬谦,李青.JMS在解决企业信息系统长事务中的应用[J].计算机与现代化.2003.第10期.60-62
[114]Mark Hapner,Rich Burridge,Rahul Sharma,Joseph Fialli,Sun Microsystems.Java Message Service Specification[M].Version:1.02b.USA.Sun Microsystems,Inc.August 27,2001.25-48
[115]Richard Monson.Java Message Service[M].SUN Microsystems.2001.10-78
[116]Tarak Modi.Practical Java Message Service[M].Manning Publications.2003.15-86
[117]哈普纳,伯里奇,康博.Java消息服务API参考指南:J2EE平台的消息传递[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[118]Ben Chang,Oracle.高波,王琰译.XML开发手册[M].北京.机械工业出版社,2001.
[119]段晓娟.XSLT的研究与应用[J].武汉工业学院学报.2003.第16卷,第2期.57-59
