摘要
随着能源匮乏问题的日益严峻,与建筑节能相关的研究持续向纵深层面发展,成为了研究热点并受到世界范围内的广泛关注。目前建筑节能较多地采用笛卡尔思维方式的研究,即将建筑节能系统分解成若干要素,只是针对这些要素分别进行研究,而忽视了各要素之间的相关性以及建筑节能系统的整体性。本文采用系统思维的方式对建筑节能进行了研究,本着从整体出发的原则,利用建筑学、系统论和优化论的相关理论和方法等对建筑节能系统进行了构建,并提出了建筑节能系统的优化方法。本文选择了高校体育馆作为研究载体,对建筑节能系统中自然化技术层级进行了重点研究,旨在探讨公共建筑的建筑节能系统达到整体最优的设计观念和设计方法。
由于采用笛卡尔思维对建筑节能进行研究具有一定的局限性,因此本文首先进行了思维范式的转换,采用系统思维的方法,借鉴系统论中的相关原理,从建筑设计过程中提取与建筑节能相关的设计要素构建了建筑节能系统,并建立了反映系统内在结构的数学模型。在此基础上,将多学科设计优化的相关理论和方法引入到建筑节能优化设计当中,提出了适合建筑节能系统优化的并行子系统协同优化法。
为了理清高校体育馆的建筑能耗组成情况及其建筑节能的方向,本文随后对高校体育馆的本体特征与建筑能耗的关系进行了分析,并利用计算机模拟技术对具有一定代表性的齐齐哈尔某高校体育馆的建筑能耗进行分析,明确了高校体育馆的建筑节能重点应在其比赛厅上。
在前面两方面工作的基础上,本文对高校体育馆建筑节能系统中自然化技术层级所包含的自然采光和自然通风两个子系统进行了并行优化设计。在优化设计过程中,采用计算机模拟与针对难以抽象出合适数学模型的优化问题的方案对比法相结合的方法,对自然采光和自然通风两个子系统的主要优化变量进行了定量分析,并求得各自的可行域。以此为依据,分别针对自然采光和自然通风两个子系统提出了优化设计的基本对策和具体措施。
本文最后对高校体育馆建筑节能系统中自然化技术所包含的自然采光和自然通风两个子系统进行了协同优化设计,求得了协同优化的可行域,并利用计算机模拟的方法进行了实例验证。
With the serious shortage of energy, the research on building energy-saving, which one of the hottest points of the society, keeps developing in depth and gets worldwide attentions. In research of building energy-saving, Descartes thinking mode has been used to decompose the building energy-saving system into several factors, which had been the key investigating points, and the relationship among them. However, the integrity of the building energy-saving system is ignored. In this work, the building energy-saving was investigated by means of systematic thinking mode. The building energy-saving was constructed and the optimization method for the building energy-saving system was presented by taking advantage of the related theory and means of architecture, systems theory and optimization theory and taking the situation as a whole. This work chose university gymnasiums as the carrier, and focused on studying Naturalization Technical Level of the building energy-saving system, in order to make the system optimization in its entirety.
Considering the limitations of Descartes thinking mode used in building energy-saving, this word changed the thinking mode first. With the method of systematic thinking model and some lessons from the relative theory of systems theory, the relative design factors of building energy-saving are developed from the process of architecture design to construct the building energy-saving system. Meanwhile, the mathematical model that reflects their interior structure is established. Based on all of these, the concurrent subsystem optimization method, which is suitable for the building energy-saving system, has been put forward by adopting relevant theories and methodologies of the multidisciplinary design optimization into the building energy-saving system.
In order to distinct the composing of building energy consumption and direction of building energy-saving of university gymnasiums, this work analyses the relationship between building energy consumption and weather features as well as the body characteristics of university gymnasiums. It also analyses the building energy consumption of one of representative university gymnasium in Qiqihar by means of computer simulating. The final results show that the key point of building energy-saving in university gymnasiums should be the tournament hall.
Based on the research results mentioned above, parallel design is performed for the Naturalization Technical Level of the building energy-saving system, which is parallel optimized for the daylighting subsystem and natural ventilation subsystem of the Naturalization Technical Level of the building energy-saving system of university gymnasiums. Within the process of optimize design, this study deployed quantitative analysis of the main optimize variation of natural-lighting subsystem and natural ventilation subsystem, together with method of the combination of the project comparison Comparative Law Programme that in accordance with the optimization methods of the optimization problems which is difficult to draw out a suitable mathematical model and the method of computer simulating, finally worked out the feasible way that satisfy each constraint conditions. In accordance with the points above, this work puts forward the fundamental strategy and concrete measures pointing at the daylighting subsystem and natural ventilation subsystem.
Finally, this work optimized the Naturalization Technical Level of the building energy-saving system which is for university gymnasiums that contain daylighting subsystem and natural ventilation subsystem of building energy-saving system in combination, and worked out the coordinated optimization feasible way of the system and made an investigation with living examples.
引文
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