摘要
天然乳胶由于其优良的性能已被广泛应用于医疗领域。但目前医用乳胶材料抗菌性能不足,易引发感染,从而增加了患者的痛苦与负担。因此,对天然乳胶有目的地进行抗菌改性,可以扩大其在生物医用领域的应用。
本文以甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)和氯化苄为原料,通过亲核反应制得带有不饱和键的季铵盐单体——甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-苄基-二甲基氯化铵(DMAE-BC)。探讨了制备过程中搅拌速度、氯化苄滴加速度对反应的影响。使用红外光谱(IR)和透射电镜(TEM)分别对DMAEMA和DMAE-BC的结构和形貌进行了对比分析;并对DMAE-BC对大肠杆菌的抗菌能力进行检测分析。结果表明,20ml的氯化苄以3h滴加完为宜,搅拌速度为200～300r/min;当滴加结束后,搅拌速度应降为100～120r/min;DMAE-BC为整齐有序的晶体,且对大肠杆菌具有持续、良好的抗菌抑菌效果。
结合天然乳胶的分子链上含有不饱和的双键,具有一定活性的特点,本文采用乳液聚合法在天然乳胶表面接枝DMAE-BC。探讨了pH值、搅拌速度、温度对接枝反应稳定性的影响。通过电子能谱仪(EDS)分析了接枝改性前后天然乳胶氮元素含量的变化;使用红外光谱(IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射电镜(TEM)等测试手段对接枝改性前后天然乳胶的结构和形貌进行了观察、对比分析;通过抑菌环抗菌性能测试,研究了抗菌乳胶对大肠杆菌的抗菌抑菌能力。结果表明,试验最佳的反应条件为:pH值为9.0,搅拌速度为360～400r/min,温度为10℃;天然乳胶粒子表面嵌入了新的小粒子DMAE-BC,这使得改性后的天然乳胶对大肠杆菌具有优良的抗菌效果。
本文对目前医院使用的乳胶导尿管进行了表面改性。首先通过偶联剂KH-560(γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷)将载银无机抗菌剂接枝在硅胶表面,制成抗菌功能处理液,再用固化剂将其固化包裹在乳胶导尿管表面。使用红外光谱(IR)对接枝前后的硅胶的结构进行了对比分析;采用扫描电镜(SEM)对抗菌改性处理前后的乳胶导尿管表面形貌进行了观察。通过抑菌环抗菌性能测试,研究了改性后的乳胶导尿管对大肠杆菌的抗菌。结果表明,硅胶改性的最佳反应温度为50℃;抗菌功能材料附着在导尿管表面,使其对大肠杆菌具有优异的抗菌能力。
Natural latex has been applied extensively in the field of medical treatment because its excellent physical properties. However, the sufferers may be infected easily because medical nature latex lacks antibacterial function, thus leading to more pain and more burden. Hence, the antibacterial natural latex has been researched for expanding its applications in the filed of biology medical area.
In this paper, the quaternary ammonium monomer methacryloxyethyl-benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMAE-BC) with unsaturated bonds was prepared through nucleophilic reaction between dimethylaminoethyl metha-crylate(DMAEMA) and benzyl chloride. The influence of stirring speed and dripping speed of benzyl chloride on the process of reaction was studied. The structures and morphologies of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and benzyl chloride were characterized by IR and TEM, while antibacterial effect of DMAEMA against Escherichia colibacillus was tested. These results show that the drop of 20ml benzyl chloride was finished at 3 hours, the stirring speed was 200-300r/min, after dropping of benzyl chloride, the stirring speed was dropped to 100-120r/min. DMAE-BC had crystal structure and excellent antibacterial effect against Escherichia colibacillus.
The quaternary ammonium monomers were grafted onto the surface of natural latex through emulsion polymerization in advantage of the fact that natural latex has unsaturated bonds. The influence of pH value, stirring speed and temperature on the stability of grafting reaction were investigated. The change of nitrogen element's content in unmodified and modified natural latex were analysed by EDS. The structure and morphologies of unmodified and modified natural latex were characterized by IR, XPS and TEM. Antibacterial effect of modified natural latex against Escherichia colibacillus was analysed by inhibition ring test method. These results show that the optimum parameters of grafting reaction were: pH value 9.0, stirring speed 360-400r/min and temperature 10℃. DMAE-BC particles were been embeded onto the surface of natural rubber, and modified natural latex had excellent antibacterial effect agaist Escherichia colibacillus.
The surface modification of latex catheter was also conducted. First, silica was modified through grafting silver-carrying inorgantic antibacterial agents onto its surface with KH-560 as coupling agent and anchored onto the surface of latex catheter by solidifying agent. The structure of ungrafted and grafted silica was characterized by IR. The morphologies of the surface of untereated and treated latex catheter were observed by SEM. Antibacterial effect of treated latex catheter against Escherichia colibacillus was analysed by inhibition ring test method. These results show that the optimum reaction temperature was 50℃. The antibacterial functional material was clinged onto the surface of latex catheter. The treated latex catheter had excellent antibacterial effect against Escherichia colibacillus.
引文
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