摘要
增强现实(Augmented Reality)是90年代初开始兴起的新技术及研究热点,是虚拟现实技术发展的一个重要分支,具有虚实结合、实时交互、三维注册的特点。与虚拟现实系统不同,增强现实仍然处于实验室阶段。尽管对室内增强现实系统的研究已经取得了比较大的进展,但是尚没有成熟的室外增强现实应用系统。基于上述背景,从探索增强现实户外应用系统的实现出发,研究开发了一个应用于室外的增强现实系统——虚拟雕塑实景显示系统。该系统的实现,为雕塑与环境的整体设计规划提供了直观的形象化显示,有助于雕塑作品的构思、方案选择和整体效果的预览。
文中探讨了增强现实技术在户外设计规划领域中的应用和基于增强现实技术的虚拟雕塑实景显示系统的实现技术。根据增强现实的基本特性和系统的运行原理,分析了该系统的功能和系统的性能要求,论述了系统的基本结构,其中包括系统的软硬件组成原理,阐述了系统运行流程以及系统实现的相关算法原理,实现了交互界面设计,完成了原型系统的设计与实现,最后对系统进行了相关的实验,并得出了初步的实验结果。系统首先通过DirectShow将采集到的现实场景视频录像读到系统中,通过对视频图像中的颜色块的识别,获取特殊标记的相关信息,利用这些信息求解摄像机的参数,配准虚拟信息与真实世界场景,确定屏幕坐标与世界坐标的变换关系,最后将导入到系统中的虚拟雕塑模型叠加到真实场景视频图像中,从而实现虚拟图形与现实场景的融合。在系统实现过程中,针对户外环境,采用基于标志点的注册算法实现系统的三维注册,最后通过实验效果验证了算法的正确性。
本课题对基于增强现实技术的虚拟雕塑实景显示系统的相关问题进行了研究,并初步实现了其原型系统,为今后更深层次和更广泛的研究工作提供初步的实验平台和有力参考。
Augmented Reality (AR), arising from the early of 1990s, is a new technology and research hotspot in recent years. It is an important branch of Virtual Reality (VR) technology with the features of combining virtual and real objects, real time interactions and 3-D registration. Different from Virtual Reality system, Augmented Reality technology is only in the experimental stage. Although the research of Indoor Augmented Reality systems has got a great evolution, there is not a mature application system in Outdoor environment up to now. From the above conditions, an Outdoor Augmented Reality system named display system of virtual sculpture in real scenery is developed, for exploring the realization of Outdoor applications with AR technology. By evaluating the result blended video, the designer can estimate and optimize the layout of virtual scene intuitively, and eliminate the inaccuracy during the planning process through this system.
The topic has explored the technical realization of scene display systems of virtual sculpture based on Outdoor Augmented Reality and application models in the field of Designing and Planning. According to the fundamental characteristics of Augmented Reality and the operation of the system theory, this thesis has analyzed the system functions and performance requirements, discussed the framework of the system, which included the hardware and the software configuration theory, expounded the related algorithms and the operation processes of the system, achieved the GUI design and a prototype, and finally made the experiment of the prototype and obtained the preliminary results. During the realization of the prototype, it reads the video kinescope of real scenes into the system firstly, identifies the chromatic markers in the video images to obtain the information of them, calibrates the camera parameter based on the Markers' information, registers the virtual scenes and real world to obtain the relationship matrix of them, and finally realizes the blending of the virtual scenes and the real scenes. During the realization of the prototype, for the Outdoor environment, marker of points in 3D registration is adopted, and the correctness of this algorithm is confirmed by realizing it in system.
This thesis has explored the related issues of scene display systems of virtual sculpture based Augmented Reality, and preliminarily realized the prototype system, which provides an initial experiment platform and strong reference for the deeper and wider research in future.
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