摘要
动态物流联盟是在全球经济一体化进程和信息技术快速变革的时代背景下产生的新型物流管理与组织模式，是动态联盟理论在物流领域的拓展。在物流市场竞争日益激烈的今天，面对未来物流网络化、物流资源高度共享的发展趋势，针对客户个性化的物流任务需求，尤其是物流量大、跨区域运作、物流环节复杂的物流任务，越来越多的物流企业意识到单凭自身的物流资源优势已经难以把握市场机遇和满足客户需求。建立动态物流联盟无疑是整合和优化配置物流资源、提高物流效率、增强企业竞争力、提升客户满意度的重要途径。然而蕴含在动态物流联盟资源配置背后的许多关键的管理、技术等方面的问题尚未得到有效解决，论文针对动态物流联盟资源配置的关键技术与问题进行如下方面研究：
①对动态物流联盟资源配置的基础理论进行研究。系统性地分析了动态物流联盟的内涵、特征及优劣势，讨论了动态物流联盟物流资源的含义、分类及特点，提出了动态物流联盟资源的属性特征，并对动态物流联盟的物流任务进行分解描述和分类研究。
②提出了动态物流联盟资源配置的总体框架。详细讨论了动态物流联盟资源配置的内涵，从企业核心竞争力、资源基础理论、价值链理论、资源依赖理论和委托代理理论等方面对动态物流联盟资源配置的动因进行分析，提出了动态物流联盟资源配置的演变路径，设计了面向物流任务的动态物流联盟资源配置的概念模型、过程模型和框架模型。
③建立了动态物流联盟资源配置方案的“初选—精选”优化过程。首先通过对物流资源与物流任务的属性特征匹配，获取物流任务的候选资源库，这是物流资源初选过程；其次建立了动态物流联盟资源配置的单目标和多目标优化模型，并以时间（T）、成本（C）、质量（Q）和服务（S）为目标的动态物流联盟资源配置的多目标优化模型为研究重点，用离差最大化法确定了时间（T）、成本（C）、质量（Q）和服务（S）等子目标的权重，构造自适应惩罚函数，把有能力约束的优化问题转换成无能力约束的优化问题，设计了遗传算法对该模型进行求解，获取最终的动态物流联盟资源配置方案，这是物流资源精选的过程。最后，以商品车配送任务的实例验证了物流资源配置优化模型及求解方法的有效性与实用性。
④针对动态物流联盟物流资源在执行物流任务过程中的监控与管理问题，提出了动态物流联盟资源过程监控的目的和模式，设计了基于GPS/GIS/GPRS的动态物流联盟资源全程监控系统，对监控系统的工作原理、总体架构、功能架构、系统实现进行详细设计；应用项目管理理论建立了动态物流联盟资源过程管理机制；对其在汽车整车物流进行应用研究，实现了汽车物流资源执行物流任务过程的全程监控与管理。
⑤建立动态物流联盟资源配置的两阶段利益分配模型。根据物流资源稀缺性程度将物流资源提供商分为战略性物流资源提供商和一般物流资源提供商，初始分配根据不同的物流企业采取不同的分配策略，针对一般资源提供商和战略资源提供商分别采用一级密封价格拍卖、改进的Shapley值法的分配策略，获取初始利益分配方案；第二阶段考虑物流资源提供商完成物流子任务的绩效对初始利益分配方案进行修正，建立物流子任务的绩效评价指标体系，利用模糊综合评价法计算物流子任务的绩效系数，获得最终的利益分配方案。最后以商品车配送任务为例验证该利益分配模型不仅考虑了贡献、投入、风险等因素，而且有助于实现物流资源的优化配置，激励物流资源提供商提高物流任务绩效水平。
Dynamic logistics alliance is a new logistics management and organizationalmodel under the times background of global economic integration and the rapid reformof information technology. It is the expansion of dynamic alliance theory in the logisticsfield. Today the competition in logistics market is increasing quickly. Face the trend ofthe networked logistics, the highly shared logistics resource and the demand of theindividual logistics assignment typically the assignment of the large logistics volume,the cross-regional operation and the complex logistics links, more and more logisticscompanies realize that they are not able to catch the market opportunity and depend ontheir owned logistics resource to meet the custom demand. So it is necessary to buildthe dynamic logistics alliance which is favor to integrate and optimize the logisticsresource, improve the logistics efficient, strengthen the company competitiveness,enhance the custom satisfaction. However, there are many unsolved key managementand technology matters in the resource allocation of dynamic logistics alliance. Thedissertation makes some research on the key technology and problem of the resourceallocation about the dynamic logistics alliance. It is as follows:
①The basic theory of resource allocation about dynamic logistics alliance isstudied. The dissertation analyzes the connotation, characteristics and advantage of thedynamic logistics alliance systematically, states the definition, the classification and thecharacteristic of logistics resource, puts forward the attribute feature of the logisticsresource, decomposes the task and classifies the logistics task according to the ordercategory of the logistics subtasks.
②The general framework is put forward. The dissertation discusses the resourceallocation connotation of dynamic logistics allianc, analyses the agent of resourceallocation about dynamic logistics alliance from five aspects include the corecompetitiveness of enterprises, the value chain theory, the resource based theory, theresource dependence theory, and the principal-agent theory. The dissertation proposesthe evolution path, designes the concept model, process model and frame model of thelogistics alliance resource allocation.
③The optimization process of resource allocation plan, which is primary selectionto choiceness, is set up. The the attribute feature between logistics task and logisticsresource is matched, and the candidate database of logistics resource is obtained,this is primary selection of logistics resource. Then dissertation sets up the single-objectiveand multi-objective optimization model of the dynamic logistics alliance resourceallocation. The dissertation takes the multi-objective optimization model as the studyemphasis, The objectives include time, cost, quality and service. The dissertationdefines the sub-objective weight though maximizing deviation method, constructsself-adaptive penalty function, and change the optimization problem with capacityconstraint into optimization problem without capacity constraint, then designes thegenetic algorithms to solve the model,and gets the dynamic logistics alliance resourceallocation plan, this is the choiceness of logistics resource. At last, a case about thecommodity car distribution task is used to prove the validity and the practicality of theoptimal configuration model and method.
④In order to strengthen the monitoring and management of the dynamic logisticsalliance in the process of the logistics tasks, the dissertation presents the goal and modelof whole process monitoring and management about the logistics alliance resource,designes the whole process monitor system based on the GPS/GIS/GPRS, andparticularly designes the working principle, general frame, function framework andrealization of the monitor system. The process management mechanism of the dynamiclogistics alliance is set up used the project management theory. The monitor system isused in the automobile logistics, and realizes whole process the monitoring of theautomobile logistics resource in the process of the logistics tasks.
⑤The two-stage model for the benefits distribution of dynamic logistics allianceresources allocation is established. According to logistics resources scarcity degree, thelogistics resource provider are divided into strategic logistics resource provider andgeneral logistics resources provider, Initial allocation takes different allocation strategieson the basis of different logistics enterprises, strategic logistics resource provider andgeneral logistics resources provider adopt the sealed price auction and the improvedShapley value method respectively. In the second stage, according to the performance ofthe completion degree of the logistics subtask undertaken by the logistics resourceprovider, the initial distribution plan is revised, performance evaluation index systemof logistics subtask is build, performance coefficient of logistics subtask is calculatedthrough fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the final distribution of benefitsprograms is gotten. At last, an example about the commodity car distribution task isgiven to prove the profit distribution model. The model not only considers the factorssuch as contribution, investment, and risk, but also help to achieve the optimal allocation of logistics resources, incentive the logistics resource providers to improvelogistics task performance levels.
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