注塑模CAD系统开发的理论研究及应用
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摘要
本文分析了注塑模设计的主要工作,探讨了利用现有的软件在微机上开发三维
    注塑模CAD系统的方法,并对其中与软件开发有关的几个关键问题做了深入细致的
    理论研究。为了判定塑件分型方向和选择合适的模架,文中引入了任意二维多边形
    顶点环的概念,提出了它的最小包围矩形算法,并将这个算法引申又提出了任意多
    面体的最小包围盒算法;基于零件哑图和表格驱动的思想,文中提出了装配哑图的
    概念,探讨了生成三维参数化装配图的原理和方法并将其运用到三维装配图参数化
    生成的设计过程中,通过对13种常用模架装配关系的分析,分别建立了既包括模架
    的装配模型,又包括全局变量表格和局部变量表格定义的装配哑图。利用VBA技术
    在MDT、Access、Excel之间传递数据,在保证装配关系的前提下实现了模架的参数
    化装配;通过对MDT菜单文件结构的分析,重新编写了其菜单文件并生成了系统的
    主控菜单,再用DCL语言开发了各模块的具有Windows风格的人机界面并用Autolisp
    语言编制了它们的驱动程序。
     在上述理论工作的基础上,开发了注塑模CAD系统框架,编制了相应的应用程
    序并嵌如到了该系统中。该系统包括初始设计、成型零件设计、冷却系统和浇注系
    统设计、模架设计和数据库管理几个模块。初始设计模块为后续部分设计提供计算
    参数,包括塑料性能参数和注塑机参数;成型零件设计模块以最小包围盒的算法为
    基础,得出了任意塑件的最小包围盒,为标准模架的选择和塑件分型方向的判定奠
    定了基础;在冷却系统设计模块中,总结了8种基本的冷却回路并以图标菜单形式
    给出,系统可以生成对应的三维冷却管道模型;在浇注系统设计模块中,总结了不
    同的浇注形式并给出了相应的人机界面;模架设计模块利用装配哑图的原理和方法,
    实现了模架的三维参数化装配;数据库管理模块综合运用了文件管理功能和专用数
    据库系统,对于数据量小的数据如塑料参数和注塑机参数采用文件管理功能实现,
    对于数据量大的数据如标准模架数据和标准件数据则采用专用数据库系统实现。
     上述理论研究和软件开发的成果,为开发完善的三维注塑模CAD系统奠定了良
    好的基础。
After analyzed the main design tasks of injection mold, a frame to
    develop three-dimensional CAD system for injection mold is supposed
    on the basis of existing PC software, and several problems related closely
    to software development are studied. In order to select a suitable mold
    frame for a given injection part and determine the parting direction of the
    mold, the concept of convex-hull for a random polygon is introduced. A
    minimum bounding rectangle algorithm is developed on which the
    minimum bounding box algorithm is presented for a random given
    polyhedral. Based on the idea of part parameterized-drawing and table-
    driven, the concept of parameterized assembly drawing is also put
    forward. Its principle and method are discussed and applied to the
    parametric generation of the 3D assembly drawings. According to the
    principle and method mentioned above, the assembly relationships of
    thirteen usually used mold frames are analyzed and their parameterized-
    assembly drawings are established respectively, which include both
    assembly models and the definitions of global variants table with local
    variants table. The program for the data communication between MDT,
    Access and Excel is developed and the 3D parametric assembly drawings
    are generated when keeping the assembly relationship constant. In order
    to generate the main menu of the injection mold CAD system, the
    structure of menu file of MDT is analyzed and reedited. The Windows
    style human-machine interfaces for every module are developed with the
    DCL language and Autolisp language.
     Based upon the theoretical research works, a injection mold CAD
    system frame is supposed. Some programs are developed and integrated
    into the frame. The CAD system includes seven modules, such as the
    initial design, the parts design of the mold, the cooling system design,
    injecting system design, mold frame design, database management and
    the drawing generation. The initial design module provides the plastic
    performance parameters and injection machine parameters used in the
    other modules. On the basis of the minimum bounding box algorithm, the
    module for the mold parts design gets the minimum bounding box of the
    injection part, which gives the basis of selecting the standard mold frame
    and the parting direction of the mold. Eight primary cooIing circuits are
    summarized and presented through the way of icon menu in the cooIing
    system design module, and the system can generate the corresponding
    3D cooling-tube models. In the injection system design moduIe, several
    kinds of injection systems are summarized and their human-machine
    interfaces are provided. The mold frame design module utilizes the
    principle and method ofparameterized-assembly drawing to generate the
    3D parametric drawing of the mold frame. The database management
    module has two subfunctions. One is the file management function to
    manage the plastic parameters and injection machine parameters. The
    other is the speciaI database management system to manage the standard
    mold frame data as well as standard parts data.
    The results of the theoretical research and softWare development
    mentioned above lay a foundation to develop a perfect three-dimensional
    injection mold CAD system.
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