摘要
目前,现存的大功率并网型风力发电机组正向着直驱化发展。由于直驱式风力发电机组的变流系统要求全功率通过的变流器,因此变流器需要超大功率等级的开关管,又因为风力发电机的工作环境相当恶劣,雷击事件时有发生,故要求的更高功率等级的主开关管。在这种等级下变流器的主流开关管IGBT只能国外引进受制于人。大功率晶闸管完全能够本土化生产成本低。为了提高风力发电机制造的本土化比例,提高风力发电机并网逆变器的性价比,本文提出了一种基于ATmega16单片机的应用在风力发电机并网的晶闸管有源逆变器。本文首先对并网型风力发电机组的工作原理、组成和分类进行了介绍。接着对用IGBT和SCR为主开关管逆变器在结构、性能以及优缺点进行了比较。然后对晶闸管有源逆变器的主电路以及各器件参数进行了设计和逆变器电磁兼容的设计。再者本文就晶闸管变流器的最大问题谐波和无功做出了详细的分析,并提出了谐波和无功的补偿办法。最后文章对基于数字PID的控制系统列出了硬件原理图和主要软件流程图以及主电路的试验波形,可作为今后实际装置开发的参考。
At present, the existing grid-connected wind turbine units are in a direct-driven development. Since the converter system of direct-drive wind turbine requirements adopted by the full power, the converter needs ultra-high power rating switch, because the wind turbine working environment is bad, lightning incidents occur from time to time, the main switches of the wind turbine require higher level rating. In this hierarchy of the converter switches (IGBT) can only be imported. High-power thyristor fully capable of localized production costs low. In order to improve the wind turbine manufacturing localization ratio, increase the inverter of wind turbine for cost-effective, a SCR active inverter applying in wind turbine based on ATmega16 MCU is suggested in this paper. First, the composition and classification of wind turbine are introduced. The inverters based on IGBT and SCR switch in the structure, performance, the advantages and disadvantages compared. Then the SCR active inverter circuits, as well as the main parameters of the device and EMC of the inverter are designed. Furthermore the SCR converter's biggest problem harmonic is Analysis by detailed. Finally, the article based on the PID Control System lists the principle of hardware and software flow chart of the main and the main circuit test waveform, the actual device can be used as the future development of the reference.
引文
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