摘要
网络化制造是在信息技术发展的驱动下，为应对经济全球化的挑战而发起的一种新型制造模式。它借助于先进的网络技术和生产、管理技术，通过企业间的协同和资源共享与集成，开展覆盖整个产品生命周期各个环节的企业活动(如产品设计、制造、销售、采购和管理等)，从而提高企业的核心竞争力。为了能让网络化制造的概念更快的让企业认识和接收，必须寻找一种对企业来说使用方便、费用低廉的方式。通过分析和比较，我们采用了基于应用服务提供商(ASP)的实施模式。
在国家863计划CIMS主题资助的“浙江省块状经济区域网络化制造系统开发与应用”(项目编号：2002AA414070)项目的支撑下，本文对基于ASP的网络化制造系统的若干关键技术问题进行了比较深入的研究。
第一章对网络化制造的诞生、网络化制造的定义、国内外网络化制造的研究现状以及实施网络化制造的意义进行了总结和阐述，分析了网络化制造系统的体系结构和系统实施过程中存在的关键问题，并在课题组承担的863项目的基础上，提出了本论文的研究目标和主要研究内容。
第二章主要研究基于网格的网络化制造系统体系结构。首先分析了目前的网络化制造体系结构模型的优缺点，明确了体系结构设计的目标。接着介绍网格体系结构的研究情况，以及课题组所承担项目的总体目标和定位，给出了网络化制造系统的总体方案，并把网格体系结构与网络化制造系统体系结构进行结合，提出一个基于网格的网络化制造系统——制造网格体系结构。制造网格体系结构充分吸收了网格的五层结构以及网格服务为中心的思想，集成了许多Globus的支持工具包和协议，为网络化制造系统的进一步发展做出了有益的探索。
第三章主要研究基于ASP的网络化制造系统实施模式。首先介绍了网络化制造系统的实施方针，并对网络化制造系统的实施模式进行比较和选择。接着分析了外包模式和ASP模式的发展状况以及各自的优缺点，并对这两种模式进行了比较。在这个基础上，我们提出了基于ASP的网络化制造系统实施模式，给出了网络化制造系统的ASP关系图以及一个根据用户类别、用户规模、服务类型、使用服务次数、占用资源数量等因素来确定的ASP费用模型。这个基于ASP的网络化制造系统实施模式可以很好的指导系统的实施，并能很好的拓展以应用于浙江省的其它典型区域。
第四章研究了网络化制造系统的用户综合访问控制模型。本章描述了ASP和网络化制造系统的安全性问题，尤其是用户访问控制的问题；接着介绍了几种
浙江大学博士学位论文
典型的访问控制方法，包括强制访问控制、任意访问控制、基于角色的访问控制、
基于任务的访问控制，以及基于公司关系的访问控制、基于企业联盟的访问控制
等;在前面描述的典型访问控制模型基础上，给出了一个网络化制造系统的综合
访问控制模型，包括网络化制造系统的用户和资源层次关系图、访问控制参考模
型和访问控制过程模型，并定义了各个模型中的相关元素和关系，给出了各级约
束验证和授权的表达;最后我们给出了以 XACML为基础的网络化制造系统的
访问控制描述语言。
第五章提出了基于多类队列网络客户行为模拟法的ASP站点服务器的性能分
析与容量规划。我们首先利用客户状态转换模型直观的描述了ASP站点运行初期
用户在ASP站点中执行的几个主要操作，以及各个功能之间的相互联系。通过客
户状态转换模型，可以得到对ASP站点性能影响最大的几个主要操作。然后建立
一个开放的多类队列网络模型来模拟整个ASP站点系统，找出对该站点性能影响
最大的瓶颈服务器是数据库服务器。接着，我们进一步建立该瓶颈服务器的封闭
多类队列网络模型，通过性能度量找到影响性能的瓶颈组件是磁盘。最后，我们
通过使用混合队列网络模型进行分析，发现添加了一个磁盘分别存储动态和静态
信息后CPU的利用率得到了很大提高，而磁盘的利用率也没受影响。通过这种方
法，我们可以实现对ASP站点进行深入的性能分析，从而指导我们进行ASP站点
的容量和体系结构规划。
第六章中，我们结合项目开发的绍兴轻纺区域网络化制造系统，介绍了系统
的ASP实施物理结构、运行环境和系统运行情况。
第七章总结了本文的主要研究内容和创新之处，并对未来的研究工作进行了
展望。
Networked Manufacturing is a new manufacturing mode, which was driven by the development of information technologies (IT), and was originated for deal with the challenge of globalization of economics. It carries on the enterprises' activities (e.g. production design, manufacturing, sailing, stock and management) that cover the whole product lifecycle by means of the advanced technologies of network, production and management, and via the cooperation and resource sharing between enterprises, thereby improve the enterprises' core competencies. In order to help the enterprises to meet and accept the networked manufacturing mode, we must find an easier and cheaper mode to implement the networked manufacturing, and we choose the application service provider mode.
Supported by the National High-Tech. R&D Programs for CIMS, "Development and Applications of Networked Manufacturing System for Special Economic Regions in Zhejiang Province" (Grant No. 2002AA414070), we carried out deeper research on the key technologies for ASP-based networked manufacturing system.
In the 1st chapter, the naissance, the definition, the research status and the significance of networked manufacturing were summarized and expatiated, and the key problems in the architecture and fulfillment of networked manufacturing system were analyzed. Finally, we proposed the research target and main content of this dissertation based on the project.
In the 2~(nd) chapter, the grid-based architecture of networked manufacturing system was studied. We analyzed the relative merits of current architecture, and nailed down the target of the design of architecture. Then we proposed a grid-based architecture for networked manufacturing system by integrate the grid architecture and networked manufacturing system's architecture, we called it as manufacturing grid architecture. The manufacturing grid architecture absorbed the five-level framework of grid and the grid services idea, and integrated many supporting toolboxes and protocols of Globus, which is a helpful exploration to the development of networked manufacturing system.
In the 3rd chapter, the Application Service Provider (ASP) based implementing mode was studied. Firstly, the implementing guideline of networked manufacturing was introduced, and then the outsourcing mode and ASP mode were compared. Based on that, we provided the ASP-based implementing mode for networked manufacturing system. This mode includes an ASP relationship graph for networked manufacturing and an ASP charging model, which was constituted according with some factors such as user classes, user scale, service style, frequency of service use, and resource occupancy and so on. The ASP-based model will give good instruction to system
implementation, and can be expanded to other special economic regions in Zhejiang Province.
In the 4th chapter, the integrated user access control model was studied. We characterized the security issues in ASP-based networked manufacturing system, especially the issue of the user access control. Then the typical methods of access control were introduced, which include Discretionary Access Control (DAC), Mandatory Access Control (MAC), Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Task-based access control (TBAC), Coalition-Based Access Control (CBAC) and relationship-driven access control (RDAC) and so on. Based on that, we provided an integrated user access control model, which was composed of RBAC, TBAC, RDAC and CBAC. This model mainly includes the reference model and process model. Furthermore, we defined the elements and their relationships of this model, and gave the expressions of constraints authorization. Finally, we proposed a XACML-based access control markup language for networked manufacturing system.
In the 5th chapter, the performance analysis and capacity planning for ASP site servers based on modeling the user behaviors using the multi-class queuing network. Firstly, we use the customer state transform model to characterize the functions and their relationships in ASP site, and found the
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