摘要
软件过程指的是软件生存周期中的一系列相关过程,是将用户需求转化为可执行系统的演化过程所进行的软件工程活动的全体,是用于生产软件产品的工具、方法和实践的集合。它主要包含定义、实施、评价和改进四个方面。其中定义阶段,作为软件过程的起点,它的好坏直接关系到下面几个阶段的成败。
本文首先分基于规则、基于表述和过程程序三大类介绍了当前存在的过程定义方法,并介绍了比较具有代表性的XPDL,分析了它们在软件过程定义方面存在的不足之处,这主要体现在缺乏可重用性、缺乏扩展性以及无法支持动态变更机制。同时,也给出了在这几方面的一些改进措施和建议。
在此基础上,本文提出了一种基于CMM的软件过程定义方法并给出了它的语法规范。这是一种在XPDL基础上改进而来的过程定义方法。由于是针对软件行业设计的,它融入了CMM的理念,借助关键过程域和关键实践的概念,引入了预定义过程和标准活动来帮助用户完成定义过程,并最大程度的分离了流程数据和业务数据,使得定义出来的过程结构更加清晰。
最后,在.NET环境下实现了一个支持该过程定义方法的工具——SPMS过程定义工具。并给出了该过程定义方法的一个应用实例。
Software process is a series of processes of the software lifecycle. It is software engineering processes that convert the user requirement to the executable system ,and it is an aggregate of tools、methods and practice of manipulating software products. It includes four stages : definition、implementation、evaluation and improvement. The definition stage, which is the jumping-off point of the software process, will influence the latter stages directly.
First of all, the paper introduces he three classes of process definition method including formula based、presentation based and process procedure, explains the XPDL, which is representative, analyses the drawback of them including lack of reuse、lack of expansibility and not support dynamic alteration, brings out some improvement measure and solutions at the same time.
Then, the paper explains CSPDM (CMM based software process definition method) and its grammar. It is based on XPDL, but aim at software domain. It uses CMM、KPA,import predefined process and standard activity, separate the operation data and workflow data, which makes the project process structure clear.
At last, it implements a tool—SPMS software definition tool using Microsoft Visual Studio .NET, and shows an example using it.
引文
[1]吴大川 软件开发过程管理研究 硕士学位论文 大连理工大学 2002.6
[2] P.A.G Silivotti, A Tutorial for C/C++, Technical report CS-TR-94-02, California Institute of Technology, 1994
[3] J.Banning,A Method for Determining the Side Effect of Procedure Calls, Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, 1978
[4]王珏:基于 CMM 的软件过程定义方法及其支撑环境的研究.硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学.2003.7.
[5] IEEE Standard for a Software Quality Metrics Methodology. IEEE Std 1061:1992. 1997
[6] Sami Zahran 著,陈新,罗劲枫等译.软件过程改进.机械工业出版社.2002.8.
[7]Joseph Raynus. CMM 软件过程改进指南,邱仲潘 北京:电子工业出版社, 2002
[8]刘姗姗 软件过程定义方法 PDMWS 的研究 硕士学位论文 合肥工业大学 2004.4
[9]刘述忠、郭立峰、梅宏等,青鸟 II 型软件开发环境中的软件过程管理系统,小型微型计算机系统,1997 年 2 月
[10]徐庆.基于工作流系统的 CMM 支撑环境与工具的研究.硕士学位论文.合肥工业大学.2002.6.
[11]Programming Systems Laboratory. Marvel 3.1.1 Manuals. Columbia University. NewYork. 1995.
[12]G.. Junkermann, B. Peuschel, W Shafer and St. Wolf. MERLINE: Supporting Cooperation in Software Development Through a Knowledge-Based Environment. In Software Process Modeling and Technology. 103-129. 1994.
[13]C. Montangero and F. Scarselli. Software Process Monitoring Mechanism in OIKOS. International Journal 。 :Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering. 4(4):481-499.1994
[14]S. Arbaoui and F. Qquendo. PEACE: Goal-Oriented Logic-Based Formalism for Process Modeling. In Software Process Modeling and Technology. 249-277. 1994.
[15]C. Godart and D. Dietrich. Stepwise Specification of Interactive Processes in COO. In Proceedings of the 4th European workshop on software Process Technology. 220-239. 1995.
[16]W. Deiter and V .Gruhn. The FUNSOFT Net Approach toSoftware Process Management.International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering. 4(2): 229-256. 1994.
[17]SLANG Process Modeling Language Reference Manual,ver3.0.1995.
[18]G. T. Heineman and G. E. Kaiser. Integrating a Transaction Manager Component with Process-WEAVER. Technical Report CUCS-012-94.Columbia University Department of Computer Science. May 1994.
[19]D. Avrilionis, P.Y Cunin, and C. Fernstrom. OPSIS: A View Mechanism for Software Processes which Supports their Evolution and Reuse. In Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Software Engineering. IEEE Computer Society Press. 38-47. March 1996.
[20]L. Groenewegen and G. Engels. Coordination by Behavioural Views and Communication Pattern. In Proceeding of the 4th European on Software Process Technology. 189-192. 1995.
[21]L.Osterweil. Software Processes are Software too. In Proceeding of the 9th International Conference.Software Engineering. 1987.
[22]S.M.Sutton, D.Heimigner and L.Osterweil. APPLlA: A Language for Software Process Programming. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. 1995. 4(3): 211-286.
[23]Jen-Yen Jason Chen, CSPL: An Ada95-Like, Unix-Based Process Environment. The IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 23(3): 171-184. 1997.
[24]R. F. Bruynooghe, R. M. Greenwood, I. Robertson and B. C. Warboys. PADM: Toward Total Process Modeling System. In Software Process Modeling and Technology. 293-334.1994.
[25]Watts S.Humphrey 著 高书敬 顾铁成等 译. 软件过程管理 清华大学出版社. 2003.4
[26]WFMC. Workflow Process Definition Interface一XML Process Definition Language (XPDL) (October 25,2002) Document , Document Number WFMC-TC-1025 FINAL. 2002
[27]贾小珠,宋立智,赵玮著.深入浅出XML.人民邮电出版社.2001.9.
[28]Lonnie Wall, Andrew Lader 著,康博译.构建 Web 服务和.NET 应用程序. McGraw-Hill.清华大学出版社.2002.10.
[29]Boggs/Michael Boggs 著 UML with Rational Rose 从入门到精通 电子工业出版社
[30]萨师煊 王珊 著 数据库系统概论 高等教育出版社 2000.2
[31]Scott W. Ambler 著 王海鹏 译 过程模式 人民邮电出版社 2005.9
[32]Humphrey W.S. Managing the Software Process. Addison-Wesley. 1989.
[33]Humphrey W.S. A Discipline for Software Engineering. Addison-Wesley. 1995.
[34]Van Der Aalst. Modeling and analysis of workflow using Petri nets.Journal of Intelligent Information Systems,1998,10(5):131～138
[35]邱模波 软件过程管理及其环境研究 硕士学位论文 南京航空航天大学 2003.3
[36]Sceppa, David .Microsoft ADO.NET : core reference . Microsoft Press 2001.5
[37]Simon Robinson Burt Harvey. Profession C# . Wrox Press Inc . 2002.3
[38]邬少飞 一种工作流过程定义工具的设计与实现 硕士学位论文 华中科技大学 2004.5
[39]程刚 基于 XPDL 的工作流建模研究与实现 硕士学位论文 大连理工大学 2005.12
[40]杨辉军 一个基于 XPDL 过程定义的工作流系统的设计与实现硕士学位论文 东南大学 2004.3
[41]齐治昌 谭庆平 宁洪 著 软件工程 高等教育出版社 1997.4
[42]Workflow Management Coalition. The workflow reference model,WFMCTC00-1003, 1994
[43]Mohan C.Recent Trends in Workflow Management Products,Standards,and Research. Available at URL: http://www. almaden. ibm. com/cs/exotica/wfnato97. ps
[44]Alonso G,Agrawal D, Abbadi EI A, et al.Functionality and Limitations of Current VYorkflow Management Systems.Available at URL: http://www. almaden. ibm. com/cs/exotica/wfmsys. Ps
[45]Rusinkiewicsz M, Sheth A. Specification and execution of transactional workflows.In:Wonkim ed.Modern Database Systems: The Object Model ,Interoperability, and Beyond.Mass.:Addison Wesley,1995.
[46]史美林等编著 计算机支持协同工作理论与应用 电子工业出版社
[47]李朝中, 总装备部软件工程技术规范, 中国人民解放军总装备部司令部, 2001, 02
