摘要
在使用滚动轴承的旋转机械中,大约有30%的机械故障是由于轴承失效所引起的,因此,保证轴承质量对提升我国制造业的整体水平将具有深远的意义。
轴承行业要求轴承向“高寿命、高可靠性”的方向发展。特别是要求发动机主轴轴承适应高速、高温、大载荷、长寿命状态下的工作,这就需要改进轴承结构、材料,提高轴承制造精度,以适应这种工况。本课题的攻克目标是:将发动机主轴轴承寿命由目前的600小时提高到900小时。
结合轴承制造经验和使用现状,为了达到这一目标,应采取以下改进方式:1.轴承套圈材料采用国内最新研制的低碳耐热钢SG13Cr4Mo4Ni4V,这是主轴轴承领域的突破;2.保持架材料为优质合金钢40CrNiMoA,这种材料耐高温、耐磨损,承载能力强;3.提高轴承部件的制造精度。
先进行套圈和保持架样板实验,从中获得了低碳耐热钢SG13Cr4Mo4Ni4V材料的轴承套圈在渗碳、热处理和机械加工时所表现出的物理、化学特性,获得了40CrNiMo材料保持架的加工特性。结合套圈和保持架的结构特点,选择合理的加工设备和刃具,设计更适用于生产的工装,确定合理的车、磨加工工艺方法,最终形成完整的套圈加工工艺和保持架加工工艺。
按照研制的工艺路线进行批量投产后,轴承的制造精度比原来有了大幅度的提高,轴承的使用寿命较原来提高一半,最终实现了提高主轴轴承寿命的目标,满足了产品质量要求。
when rolling bearings is used in rotating machinery , about 30% of the mechanical failure was caused by bearing failure,therefore,raising the bearing quality will have far-reaching significance on the overall level of China's manufacturing industry.
The bearing industry requirements the develop direction of bearing to "the high life, high reliability",in particular, required the spindle bearings of engine to adapt in the state of high-speed, high temperature, large load, long-lived work, which need to improve the bearing structure, materials, and improve manufacturing precision so that to accommodate these working conditions. The target of this issue is: the spindle bearing life of motor increased from the current 600 hours to 900 hours.
Combined bearing Manufacture experience and the status of use, in order to achieve this goal, take as the following improved way:First, Bearing ring material used the newest low-carbon heat-resistant steel SG13Cr4Mo4Ni4V developed by china , this is a breakthrough in the field of spindle bearings; second,to maintain retainers material as high-quality steel 40CrNiMoA, the material can resistance to high temperature, wear, and have high carrying capacity; third,to improve the manufacturing precision of bearing components.
First for ferrule and retainers model experiments ,gain the physical, chemical characteristics of low-carbon heat-resistant steel SG13Cr4Mo4Ni4V material bearing ring when in carburizing, heat treatment and mechanical processing, gaining the rocessing characteristics of 40CrNiMo material retainers. Combination of ferrule and retainers structure characteristics,choosing reasonable processing equipment and cutting tools, design the tooling that more suitable for production, to determine a reasonable turning grinding processing method, finaly,to form the complete ferrule processing and retainers processing.
In accordance with the development of process routes for mass production, the manufacture precision of bearings increased than the original, bearing life increased by half than the original, and ultimately to improve the life of the spindle bearing, to meet product quality requirements.
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