摘要
轴承广泛应用于航空、航天、车辆、轮船等重要领域,是旋转机械中广泛应用的基础零件之一,起着支撑和传递动力的作用,同时轴承也是最容易损坏的零件之一。研究表明机械设备中大约有30%的故障是由轴承的损坏造成的,因此轴承状态监测对企业机械设备正常运行具有极其重要的意义。轴承状态监测主要是对轴承的振动状态和温度状态的监测。由于振动状态研究中轴承的振动信号难以准确获取,而温度状态研究中,热源明确,信号单一并易获取,因此许多对轴承振动状态监测研究的学者后来也转向对轴承温度状态监测的研究。
传统的轴承温度状态监测中采用传统的温度传感器,如热敏电阻,热电偶等,这些传感器缺点易受电磁干扰,有滞后现象,不易分布式温度场测量,不能满足分布式轴承温度测量的要求。
光纤光栅是一种新型的无源敏感元件,除了具有普通传感器具有的优点外,还具有不产生电磁干扰、不受电磁干扰,能使用波分复用技术在一根光纤中串接多个不同波长的光栅进行分布式测量的优点,避免了传统的传感器复杂布线的缺点。旋转机械设备中轴承温度场的测量需要布置大量的传感器,同时要求布置的传感器不能影响机械设备的正常工作,采用光纤光栅传感技术能够满足复杂旋转机械设备中轴承温度场测量的要求。本文正是在这种背景下提出将光纤光栅传感技术应用于旋转机械设备轴承温度场的测量系统中,论文取得的成果如下：
(1)熔融拉锥型光纤分路器是光纤通信中常见的连接器,通过对光分路器进行分光实验,掌握了分路器分光特性：光分路器分光次数与光源的光功率有关。通过理论分析和实验得出光纤弯曲半径与弯曲损耗之间的规律：弯曲半径越大,弯曲损耗越小。
(2)设计出一种适合旋转机械设备轴承分布式温度场测量的光纤光栅轴承温度传感器；通过ANSYS有限元温度场仿真分析对该传感器结构进行优化；对该传感器进行静态温度标定：封装在传感器中的光栅温度(T)与中心波长(入)成良好的线性关系；对光纤光栅轴承温度传感器的灵敏度、敏感度、稳定性、重复性进行了评估；搭建了一套基于光纤光栅传感技术的分布式轴承温度测量系统。
The bearings are widely used in aviation, aerospace, vehicles, ships and other important areas. They are one of the base parts of the widely used in rotating machinery and playing the role of supporting and transmiting force, while bearings are also the most easily damaged parts. Various studies have shown that nearly about30%of equipment failure is caused by bearing damage, so bearing condition monitoring plays an important role on the normal operation of business machinery and equipment. Bearing monitoring are mainly about the monitoring of vibration condition and temperature status of bearings. As the bearing vibration signals in the study of the vibration state is difficult to obtain, while temperature signals is easy to get because heat source is a clear signal in the study of temperature status. That is why so many scholars later change their research from bearing vibration monitoring to bearing temperature condition monitoring.
Traditional temperature sensors used in the traditional condition monitoring of bearing temperature, such as thermistors, thermocouples and so on, are susceptible to electromagnetic interference and along with the hysteresis, and are not easy for distributed temperature field measurement, so they can not meet the requirements of distributed bearing temperature measurement.
The fiber grating is a new sensitive passive component, in addition to the advantages as ordinary sensor does, it has the characteristics of not producing electromagnetic interference and less susceptible to electromagnetic interference, it also can use WDM technology connecting multiple gratings of different wavelengths in an optical fiber grating for distributed measurement, avoiding the shortcomings of traditional sensor complex wiring. Bearing temperature measurement in the rotating machinery and equipment need to be laid a large number of sensors, meanwhile the sensors can not affect the normal work of the machinery and equipment. Therefore, using the fiber Bragg grating sensor technology in complex rotating machinery and equipment can meet the requirements of bearing temperature field measurements. In this paper, the fiber grating sensing technology is used in bearing temperature field measurement system for rotating machinery and equipment. The results of the paper made in this article are as follows:
(1) Fused biconical tapered optical fiber splitter is common in optical fiber communication connector, through the Spectroscopic experiments on one splitting into two, four and eight optical splitter, I have mastered the spectroscopic properties of the splitter: the number of optical splitter splitting relates with the light source power. This paper analyzes the discipline between the fiber bending radius and bending loss:the greater the bending radius, the smaller the bending loss.
(2) A Fiber Bragg grating bearing temperature sensor is designed for the distributed temperature field measurements of rotating machinery and equipment; Through the ANSYS Finite Element Simulation of temperature field, I raised the structural optimization of the temperature sensor; A static temperature calibration experiments of the sensor shows that:The temperature(x) of the grating which packaged in the sensor have good linear relationship with its center wavelength (y); Assessment test was taken for the accuracy, sensitivity, stability and repeatability of the Fiber grating bearing temperature sensor; A distributed bearing temperature measurement system is designed based on fiber grating sensing technology.
引文
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