摘要
IEC61850标准是目前关于变电站通信网络和系统的最新国际标准,代表了变电站自动化系统的最新发展方向,其特点是:使用面向对象技术(ObjectOriented)定义了一个变电站自动化系统的抽象模型,规定了各个IDE之间如何通信,而具体对象模型的构建和IED通信的实施则是映射到特定的应用层协议(如:制造报文规范MMS)。
本文简要介绍了变电站自动化系统标准IEC61850的产生背景和主要内容组成,阐述了该标准的主要技术特点:网络分层、面向对象的数据对象统一建模、数据自描述、抽象通信服务映射和采用XML的配置技术等。分析了IEC61850对逻辑节点、通信信息片、事件时间、传输时间、报文的类型和性能级的定义。并指出了变电站自动化系统中报文的性能要求,IED同步标准及电力系统有关参量的指标等。从功能的建模过程,数据的建模,通信服务的映射,变电站自动化系统工程与一致性测试这四个方面概括了IEC61850标准的实现过程。
针对IEC61850系统配置工具的开发,本文探讨了如何应用XML技术对SCL文件进行生成,解析和验证。介绍开发的关键技术DOM,讨论了系统配置工具中的四个具体的应用。
本文对基于IEC61850通信标准的服务器端数据库实现方式进行了分析,应用了一种与现有设备兼容的方式:保留设备原有数据库和应用程序,将IEC61850的实现作为原系统的一个可剪裁的任务,在这个任务中根据CID文件动态生成IEC61850数据库并实现与客户端的通信。由IEC61850配置工具生成一个配置文件,实现原有数据库和IEC61850数据库相关数据的映射,然后根据映射文件实现两个数据库的双向刷新。本文实现了服务器兼有转换器的功能,即对不支持IEC61850的智能设备给出了三种接入方式,并对三种接入方式进行了比较。为了体现标准的优越性并且满足现有电力系统运行的要求,本文简要讨论了以下几个方面:变电站SCADA应用,对时间精度有高要求的信息的交换,与过程层的信息交换,自动配置。并给出了相应的解决方案。
本文提出的系统配置工具及IEC61850服务器端实现方式,尽可能保证了原有系统的稳定性,同时具有良好的扩展性。实践证明,这种方式是完全可行的,对开发基于IEC61850的新产品以及在现有产品上实现IEC61850标准具有较强的借鉴意义。
The IEC61850 is the newest international standard on the substation automation. It is the highest mothed in the substation automation systems. The worldwide electrical corporations are paying attentions to IEC61850. The features are: it designs an abstract model and describes how devices are to communicate in a substation. Consequently the IEC61850 standard can only be operational when maped to a specific concrete application layer procotol such as the Manufacturing Message Specification(MMS).
The background and main idea of the standard are introduced in this paper. The main technical features of network leveling, unified object-oriented modeling, dataobject self-description abstraction of communication service mapping, adopting of XML language etc. are analyzed in detail. The realization of IEC61850 is given summarily from the four aspact: function modeling, data modeling, communication service mapping, substation automation engineering and conformance testing. The definitions given by IEC 61850 on logical nodes (LNs), PICOM, event time, transfer time, types and performance classes of message are expounded. The requirement of the performance of messages for substation automation systems, the standard IED synchronization and the indices of related values of power system are put forward.
The realization of server database based on IEC61850 standard is analyzed, and a solution compatible with the existing database is proposed in this paper: the original database and applications are kept unchanged, and implementation of the IEC61850 shall be treated as one of the configurable tasks in the system, where IEC61850 database will be dynamically generated as per the CID file and achieve communications with the client. A configuration file is created by the IEC61850 configuration tool to realize mapping of the related data between the original database and the IEC61850 database, and then both database will be bidirectionally refreshed in accordance with the mapping file. Three options of interfaces with legacy IEDs are recommended and compared in this paper. Four aspects, SCADA application in the substation, time critical information exchange, connection of the process level, auto configration, are discussed and relevant solutions are given.
The paper discusses how to apply XML technology to create, parse and validate a SCL file in the development of system configuration tool for IEC-61850. It introduces DOM, the key technology of development. And the paper discusses four applications in System Configurator for IEC-61850.
The implementation of the server and configration tools is presented in this paper. The implementation assures stability of the system and excellent expandability. Field running has proved that this method is totally feasible. This method can be referred to in developing new products based on the IEC61850 standard, and implementing IEC61850 in existing products.
引文
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