摘要
随着煤矿开采深度的增加和开采强度加大，高应力、高瓦斯使得冲击地压的发生日趋严重和复杂。针对含瓦斯煤层，考虑瓦斯对煤层冲击地压的作用机制，将瓦斯与应力、声电、微震等指标相结合实现有效融合预警，对于揭示含瓦斯煤层冲击地压机理、完善矿井冲击地压预防技术具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于此，本文建立了含瓦斯煤岩受载破坏前兆信息三轴实验系统，实现了含瓦斯煤受载破坏过程中的电磁辐射、声发射、瓦斯等参数的实时同步测试分析；分析了含瓦斯煤层冲击地压演化过程的瓦斯涌出规律，研究了含瓦斯煤层冲击地压过程的电磁辐射、微震（声发射）、瓦斯、采动应力的前兆信息特征；建立了基于D-S证据理论的含瓦斯煤层冲击多前兆信息融合预警模型和方法，并进行了现场验证及应用。主要取得了以下研究成果：
（1）建立了含瓦斯煤岩受载破坏前兆信息三轴实验系统，可实现不同围压、不同瓦斯压力条件下煤岩受载破坏声电、瓦斯、应力、应变等参数的实时同步测试；实验研究了不同围压条件下煤岩破坏的力学特征和声电、瓦斯等参数的变化规律。研究结果表明：煤样破坏载荷随着瓦斯压力的增大而减小，随着围压升高而增大；声电信号随着载荷的增大而不断增多，信号强度不断增大；试样加载至峰值破坏时，瓦斯压力和排放量出现突然增大的现象。
（2）基于声电特性参数建立了考虑残余强度的煤岩损伤演化模型，通过模型研究了声电信号变化规律与煤岩受载破坏程度的对应关系。
（3）建立了考虑瓦斯吸附膨胀的煤岩渗透-损伤耦合演化模型，依此揭示了含瓦斯煤层冲击失稳过程瓦斯涌出异常的内在机制，并提出瓦斯可作为含瓦斯煤层冲击失稳的一种预警指标；结合含瓦斯煤层冲击地压的瓦斯涌出、电磁辐射、微震（声发射）和采动应力等监测数据，揭示了煤矿含瓦斯煤层冲击失稳的前兆信息特征。
（4）基于多种信号前兆响应规律建立了含瓦斯煤层冲击地压预警指标体系，确定了预警指标的临界值计算方法，提出了基于D-S证据理论的信息融合预警模型及方法，并进行了现场验证及应用，结果表明：随着冲击事件时间的临近，冲击危险程度呈现由无到中再到高的变化趋势，危险概率逐渐增大；冲击危险预警准确率较高，无漏报现象。
Along with the increase of mining depth and mining intensity, high stress and highdensity of gas have made the rock burst disaster more and more critical and complex.In allusion to gas-containing out-bursting coal seam, considering the actionmechanism of gas to coal mass rock burst, multiple forewarning information gas,stress, AE, EMR, microseism etc. are fused together for effective rock burst earlywarning, which has great theoretical and practical significance for the study of rockburst mechanism of gas-containing coal seam, and for the improvement of rock burstprevention technology of coal mining. Therefore, a triaxial gas-containing coal androck loading and breaking forewarning information experiment system is built in thispaper, and by using the experiment system, real-time synchronization testing ofparameters like EMR、 AE、 gas during the loaded and fractured process ofgas-containing coal mass is realized. Both gas emission laws and the features offorewarning information like EMR、microseism(AE)、gas、stress in the process ofgas-containing coal seam bursting are studied and analyzed. Based on the D-Sevidence theory, a multi-forewarning information fusion system and method ofgas-containing coal seam bursting is built and tested and verified with fieldexperiments. The main research results in this paper are as follows:
(1) The triaxial gas-containing coal and rock loading and breaking forewarninginformation experiment system is researched and built, which could synchronouslytest parameters like EMR、AE、gas、stress、strain and so on while coal samples beenloaded and broken under conditions of different confining pressure and gas pressure.In the experiment, mechanical characteristics and change laws of parameters likeacoustic-electronic signals、gas pressure of coal and rock breaking under the conditionof different confining pressure and gas pressure are studied. The results show that: thefracture load value of coal sample keeps decreasing with gas pressure increasing, andincreasing with confining pressure increasing. The acoustic-electronic signals increasein both amount and intensity with the loading pressure rising, and gas pressure andemission load increase suddenly at the loading peak value.
(2) Based on acoustic-electronic characteristic parameters, coal and rock damageevolution model which considering residual strength is built, and used to study thecorresponding relation between acoustic-electronic signals and coal and rock deformation and breakage.
(3) A coal and rock mass permeability-damage coupling evolution model whichconsidering the gas adsorption and expansion is built, and it reveals the internalmechanism of abnormal gas emission of the instability while gas-containing coalseam bursting, which proposing that the gas could act as a forewarning indicator ofgas-containing coal seam bursting and instability. Combining monitoring data ofEMR、microseism(AE)、gas emission and mining stress which tested before thebursting, the forewarning information change laws of gas-containing coal seambursting and instability are revealed.
(4) According to the multi-forewarning information, the forewarning indicatorsystem of gas-containing coal seam bursting is built, and the determination methodsof critical values of different indicators are ascertained. Based on the indicator systemand the D-S evidence theory, a kind of information fusion forewarning model andmethod is proposed and tested and applied in field experiments. The results show that,with rock burst event coming closer, the rock burst criticality changes from risk-freeto medium risk to high risk, i.e. the risk rate increasing gradually; the accuracy rate ofrock burst risk early warning is high and there is no missing report.
引文
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