摘要
阿尔泰地区位于新疆省北部,构造上处在西伯利亚板块和哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块汇聚带,是中亚造山带的重要组成部分,这两大板块及其之间古亚洲洋的长期相互作用控制着该区的构造演化,同时也制约着该区的矿床特征。该区域广泛分布发育晚古生代的火山-沉积岩并伴有丰富的多金属矿产,因而,该地区不仅在全球的地质构造演化研究中占有重要地位,而且也是我国重要的大型固体矿产资源基地之一。阿尔泰地区是新疆亦是全国重要的有色、贵金属、稀有金属成矿带,可可托海稀有金属白云母伟晶岩矿床闻名于世,阿舍勒富铜矿床、喀拉通克铜镍矿床、可可塔勒铅锌矿床、蒙库铁矿床等均是国内有名的矿床,此地虽然经多年的勘查,矿床资源潜力仍不可低估。
近年的地质地球化学找矿及地质勘探显示,阿尔泰地区有色金属矿产的成矿潜力较大,其中最有找矿前景的是麦兹盆地、克兰盆地、阿舍勒盆地、冲乎尔盆地。而其中麦兹盆地含矿地层分布较广,盆地内铅、锌、镉、铜等元素地球化学异常密集,范围大、强度高、浓集中心明显,具有较好的找矿前景,特别是铅、锌的找矿前景更为乐观。
本文是以成矿系列理论为指导,研究区域成矿规律,剖析典型矿床成矿特征,建立典型矿床描述性模型;全面分析综合工作区地质、矿产、地球物理、地球化学、等工作成果,结合典型矿床描述性模型,确定预测元素,建立区域预测评价模型;对未知区进行类比预测,圈定预测区,估算资源量。在多种信息联合使用时,遵循以地质信息为基础、最有效方法提供的信息为先导进行预测。在前人工作的基础上,对比分析麦兹盆地三种典型铅锌矿床的成矿规律,从元素组合,已知矿点出发,利用铅锌矿体产生的不同梯度面积和矿体储量的对应关系,分别对麦兹盆地内的铅锌矿资源量进行预测。
论文系统收集了麦兹盆地的地质、矿产、航磁、重力、化探等基础数据,在ARCGIS平台上完成了数据库的集成。
建立了麦兹盆地块状硫化物型,磁铁硫化物型,及萤石方铅矿型典型矿床预测评价模型,圈定了3种类型的异常区域;其中块状硫化物型铅锌异常区57个,磁铁硫化物型138个,萤石方铅矿型73个。运用改进的次生晕估算该区资源量为锌1248万吨,铅351万吨。
对面金属量法进行了改进,通过对麦兹盆地异常区资源量的预测实验结果显示,利用致矿异常区的次生晕异常,可以更好、更准确的预测出矿床位置和矿体规模。
The Altay Mountains is located in the north part of the XinJiang province; it is a very important part of central Asian orogenic belt between the Siberia plate and Kazakhstan-Junggar plate in structure, these two plates and the Paleo-Asian ocean interaction with each other and controls this area structure development, at the same time the character of deposit. This area have extensive distribute the last Paleozoic volcano-sediment rock and companion polymetallic mineralization. So Altay deposit area is a very important solid resource basement of our country. In this area, we have found many of famous deposit, for example Asele copper deposit, Kalatongke copper-nickel deposit, Keketale lead-zinc deposit and Menku iron ore deposit. Even though we have spend many of time perambulate here, but the potential of resources we still can’t underrate.
Recently geochemistry and prospection show that the potential of Altay area polymetallic resources is very huge, Maizi basin is one of the basins in the north of Altay, the lead, zinc, cadmium and copper element geochemistry character of anomalies is significantly.
In this paper, the research order the metallogenic theory, study on the typical mineral deposit in this basin, colligate analysis geology, deposit, geophysical, geochemistry information. Ascertain the forecast element; Building the model of regional resources prediction; based on the data analysis three typical lead-zinc mineral deposit law of metallogenic, found the relation ship between the geochemistry secondary halo and reserves of deposit, and calculate the lead-zinc reserves in Maizi basin.
In order to finish this paper, based on ARCGIS platform support, built a information system include geology, deposit, aeromagnetic, gravity, geochemistry and so on.
Building the massive magnetite deposit, magnetite-sulfide type lead-zinc deposit and fluorite-bearing lead deposit prediction model, plot out this three type of geochemistry abnormal area in the Maizi basin, the number of massive magnetite type area is 57, magnetite-sulfide type lead-zinc type is 138, and fluorite-bearing lead type area is 73. Improvement of areal productivity method has been made in this thesis; total resource of lead of this style is 3.51 Mt, zinc 12.48 Mt.
Improvement of areal productivity method has been made in this thesis; a pilot study was launched during field work which showed that properly use of portable instruments of geophysical and geochemical on abnormity area will help ours to find prediction the deposit position and reserve.
引文
[1]牛贺才,于学元,徐继峰等著.中国新疆阿尔泰晚古生代火山作用及成矿[M].北京.地质出版社2006.
[2]陈毓川,中国新疆阿尔泰山地质与矿产论文集[M].北京.地质出版社2003.10
[3]郭正林,郭旭吉,王书来.阿尔泰南缘麦兹泥盆纪火山-沉积盆地成矿特点及其铅锌、铁、金找矿潜力分析[J].矿床地质2007.2:128~138
[4]董连慧,2007年新疆地质矿产勘查进展及2008年工作重点[J].新疆地质2008.3:1~3
[5]肖克炎,王永毅,陈郑辉等著.中国矿产资源评价新技术与评价新模型[M].北京.地质出版社2006.3 1~4
[6]赵鹏大,胡旺亮,李紫金.矿床统计预测[M].北京:地质出版社,1994
[7] Cox D P. Singer D A. Mineral deposit models. U.S Geological Survey Bulletin 1986
[8] Singer D A. Development of grade and tonnage models for different deposit types. Geological Association of Canada Special Page 1993,21~30
[9] Bonham-Carter G.F.,Chung C.F. Integration of mineral resources data for Kasmere Lake area, Northwest Manitoba, with emphasis on uranium[J]. Computer&Geosiences 15.1983.25-45.
[10] Bonham-Carter G.F.,Agterberg F.P.,Wright D.F..integration of geological datasets for gold exploration in Nova Soctia[J]. Photogrammertric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 54(11).1988.1585-1592
[11] Bonham-Carter G.f., Agterberg.F.P and Wright.D.F. Weights of Evidence Modeling;A New Approach to Mapping mineral potential [A]. In Agterberg.F.P and Bonham-Carter.G.F. Statistical Applications in the Earth Sciences: Geol[C]. Survey of Canada Paper.1990.171-183
[12] Agterberg.F.P. Computer Programs for Mineral Exploration [J]. Science. 1989.245:76-81
[13] F.P.Agterberg, G.F.Bonham-Carter, Q.Cheng etal. Weights of Evidence Modeling and Weighted Logistic Regression for Mineral Potential Mapping [A]. In: Davis.J.C. and Herzfeld.U.C.(eds). Computers in Geology, 25 Years of Progress[C]. London:Oxford University Press,1993.13-32.
[14] Campbell A.N., Holloster V.f., Duda R.O.. Recognition of a hidden mineral deposits by an artificial intelligence program. Science. 1982.217(3):929-972.
[15] Burrough P.A.. Principles of Geographical Information Systems for land recources assessment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.1982.
[16]肖克炎,张晓华,王四龙。矿产资源GIS评价系统[M].北京:地质出版社。2001
[17]赵鹏大,陈建平,张寿庭.“三联式”成矿预测新进展[J]地学前缘2003 .4: 455~463
[18]赵鹏大,地质异常理论与矿床预测:现代矿产资源评价理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1998
[19]王世称,陈永良,夏立显.综合信息矿产预测理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社2000
[20]陈毓川主编.当代矿产资源勘查评价的理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社1999
[21] AGTERBERG F P. Multivariate predietion equations in geology [J]. Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology,1970(2):319~324
[22] AGTERBERG F P. Geomathematical evaluation of copper and zine potential in the Abitibi area of the Canadian shield [A].Geological Survey of Canada Paper 71-41[C] 1972.55
[23] HARIS D P. Mineral Resources Appraisal-Mineral Endowment, Resources, and Potential Supply: Concept, Methods, and Cases[M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1984.
[24] HARIS D P.An Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Mineral Exploration[D].University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University, 1965
[25]赵鹏大,宁芜地区铁矿床统计预测[A].宁芜火山岩铁矿床会议选集[C].北京:地质出版社,1978
[26]赵鹏大。“三联式”资源定量预测与评价-数字找矿理论与实践探讨[J].地球科学,2002,2(5)482-489
[27]赵鹏大,胡旺亮,李紫金。矿床统计预测(第二版)[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[28]黄汲清,姜春发,王作勋。新疆及邻区板块开合构造及手风琴运动[M]。新疆地质科学(第一辑),北京:地质科学出版社,1990.3-16
[29]徐光炽,新疆北部固体地球科学新进展[M]。北京:科学出版社,1993,1-546
[30]肖序常,汤耀庆,冯益民等。新疆北部及邻区大地构造[M]。北京:地质出版社,1992
[31]何国琦,中国阿尔泰造山带的构造分区和地壳演化[J]。新疆地质科学,北京:地质出版社,1990
[32]何国琦,李茂松,刘德权等。中国新疆古生代地壳演化与成矿[J]。乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1994
[33]成守德,新疆北部地层、岩相古地理特征及与成矿关系[J],新疆地质,1994,12(1):40-47
[34]陈哲夫,张良臣等。新疆维吾尔自治区区域地质志[M]。北京:地质出版社,1993
[35]陈哲夫,徐新。中国阿尔泰陆缘开合构造系基本特征。新疆第三届地质矿产学术讨论会论文集。乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1995.15-27.
[36]张建中,冯秉寰,金浩甲等。新疆阿勒泰阿宫-蒙库海相火山岩与铁矿的成因关系及成矿地质特征[J]。中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所所刊:陕西科学技术出版社,1987.89-18
[37]王京彬,秦克章,吴志亮等。阿尔泰山南缘火山喷流沉积型铅锌矿床[J]。北京:地质出版社,1998.
[38]焦学军,康吉昌,张连昌。新疆阿尔泰麦兹盆地沉积矿床地质特征与找矿方向[J]。地质找矿论丛,2006,9(3):178-183
[39]秦克章,王京彬,张进红等,阿尔泰南缘可可塔勒式大型铅锌矿床的成矿条件[J]。有色金属矿产与勘查,1998,7(2):65~74
[40]张进红,阿尔泰山南缘泥盆纪海相火山岩岩石学及成矿作用的关系:[博士学位论文]。北京:中国地质大学,1999
[41]丁汝福,新疆可可塔勒矿带成矿流体演化及找矿预测研究:[博士学位论文]。北京:中国地质大学,1999
[42]张进红,秦克章,李思强等.阿尔泰大桥铅锌矿床分带和交代蚀变作用研究[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1994,3(4)
[43]王登红,陈毓川,徐志刚等。阿尔泰成矿省的成矿系列及成矿规律[M]。原子能出版社,2002
[44]胡剑辉,边亚光,新疆阿尔泰山麦兹向斜铅锌矿物化探异常的评价研究.有色金属矿产与勘查[J],1996,5(5)
[45]王书来,彭省临,王京彬,郭正林.新疆麦兹火山沉积盆地多金属成矿系列与找矿方向.矿物岩石地球化学通报[J],2004,(23)增刊
[46]郭正林,郭旭吉,王叔来等,阿尔泰南缘麦兹泥盆纪火山-沉积盆地成矿特点及其铅锌、铁、金找矿潜力分析[J]。矿床地质,2007,2(1)128-138
[47]张西平,陈伟民,王世明,新疆可可塔勒铅锌矿床地球化学研究及异常模型[J]。有色金属矿产与勘查,1996,2(1)
[48]姜齐节。火山岩区块状硫化物矿床的类型、评价标志和成因[J]。有色金属矿产与勘查,1994,(1):4-9
[49]廖启林,戴塔根,刘悟辉等。阿尔泰南缘典型块状硫化物矿床成矿环境浅析[J]。地质与勘探,2000,36 (6):23~26
[50]胡剑辉,边亚光。新疆阿尔泰山麦兹向斜铅锌矿物化探异常的评价研究[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1996,5(5)
[51]朱华平,张德全。区域化探异常的地球化学勘查评价方法技术进展综述[J].地质与勘探,2003,39(3):35-38
[52]张本仁,成矿成晕理论与地球化学异常评价[C];吴昌荣.地球化学异常评价文集.秦皇岛:中国地质学会勘查地球化学专业委员会出版,1989;8-47.
[53]谢学锦,刘大文,向运川等.地球化学块体-概念和方法学的发展[J].中国地质,2000,29(3):1-50.
[54]冯济舟,化探异常动态筛选法[J].物探与化探,1998,22(2):153-155.
[55]朱有光,蒋敬业,李泽九等.试论中国重要景观区区域地球化学异常系统评价量化模型[J].物探与化探,2002,26(1):17-22.
[56] HAWKES H E. The downstream dilution of stream sediment anomalies [J]. J Geochem Explor, 1976,6:345-358.
[57]王学求,大型矿床地球化学定量评价模型和方法[J],地学前缘,2003,3(1)257-261
[58]吕国安,利用地化异常梯度法预测潜在金属总量[J],有色金属矿产与勘查,1994,10(5)287-290
[59]朱细刨,毛大发,刘小兵等。异常块体中金属资源量的计算方法初探[J],世界地质,2004,9(3)227-231
[60]刘大文,地球化学块体理论与方法技术应用于矿产资源评价的研究[博士学位论文]。北京:中国地质科学院,2002
[61]时艳香,区域地球化学单元的概念、方法与应用研究[博士学位论文]。吉林大学,2006
