摘要
西准噶尔是中国晚古生代花岗岩发育的主要地区之一,沿著名的达尔布特断裂带发育的后造山花岗岩带一直是西准噶尔花岗岩研究的焦点,其中夏尔莆岩体又是该花岗岩带中极其重要的岩体之一。本文以夏尔莆花岗岩为研究对象,从宏观岩石特征、微观矿物特征、岩石地球化学特征、构造环境、源岩特征、岩浆演化特征、形成机制及其对地壳生长的贡献等方面,对该岩体作了比较系统的研究,取得以下进展：
1.夏尔莆岩体由寄主岩石、微细粒镁铁质包体和中基性岩墙群组成。岩体侵入于石炭纪地层中,与围岩为港湾状外侵接触。寄主岩石由(石英)闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩三种岩石类型组成,相互之间均为渐变过渡的涌动接触关系；微细粒镁铁质包体岩性主要为石英闪长岩和闪长玢岩,在寄主岩石的各个岩石类型中均有发育,与寄主岩石为截然或渐变过渡接触关系；中基性岩墙群主要岩性为辉绿岩和少量闪长玢岩,与寄主岩石为截然接触关系。
2.夏尔莆岩体中发育丰富、典型的岩浆混合岩相学特征。野外露头,寄主岩石中暗色矿物分布不均并发育暗色矿物集合体、微小的镁铁质包体和不均匀混合条带；包体具有明.显的塑性变形,常发育反向脉和寄主岩石中的长石巨晶(捕虏晶)；中基性岩墙群与微粒镁铁质包体紧密共生并延伸方向基本一致,发育寄主岩石中的长石捕虏晶,被寄主岩的反向脉横切。在镜下,包体及其与寄主岩混合带中均发育斜长石异常环带和多种不平衡矿物共生现象,包体中发育针状磷灰石。
3.岩石化学特征表明,寄主岩石富A1203.CaO和Mg0,根据岩石化学图解和岩石化学参数证明其属于钙碱性准铝质—过铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩。微细粒镁铁质包体和寄主岩石岩石化学特征较相似,而岩墙与寄主岩石差异明显。寄主岩石富钙、镁,微细粒镁铁质包体富铝、铁,在氧化物—SiO2哈克图解、FeOT-MgO图解和R1—R2图解中寄主岩石呈线性的岩浆混合演化特征,微细粒镁铁质包体位于该演化线上也证明了其与寄主岩石有成因联系,而中基性岩墙群演化线与两者不同,显示独立的演化趋势。
4.地球化学特征表明,寄主岩石和中基性岩墙群Nb和Ta均相对亏损,前者微量元素蛛网图特征与典型的Ⅰ型后造山花岗岩相似,而微细粒镁铁质包体蛛网图较零乱。寄主岩石的稀土元素总量低,轻稀土轻微富集,重稀土分馏程度低,δEu值与壳幔型花岗岩类一致；微细粒镁铁质包体稀土元素总量略低,Eu无亏损或亏损不明显,轻、重稀土分馏程度中等；中基性岩墙群稀土元素总量较高,Eu无亏损,重稀土和轻稀土元素分馏程度高。在以Sr为共分母三元素的协变图解中,包体与寄主岩呈线性关系,表明两者存在成因联系,而中基性岩墙演化趋势与其明显不同,代表不同岩浆源的产物。此外,在相容元素和不相容元素图解中,寄主岩石和微细粒镁铁质包体显示明显的双扩散性,证明了岩浆混合作用的存在。
5.本次获得寄主岩石、微细粒镁铁质包体和中基性岩墙群年龄分别为292.8±2.0Ma,295.7±8.0Ma,294.0±5.0Ma,在误差范围内一致,均属于早二叠世,说明它们属于同一岩浆事件的产物,为岩浆混合作用的存在提供了最有力的证据。
6.结合夏尔莆岩体附近区域的地质特征,岩体中岩浆混合岩相学特征、地球化学及同位素地球化学特征,认为夏尔莆岩体属于后造山花岗岩,与亏损型的上地幔岩浆的底侵作用有关,使下地壳发生部分熔融形成酸性岩浆,壳、幔岩浆发生了不同程度的混合作用,形成了大量的岩浆混合岩、微细粒镁铁质包体以及中基性岩墙群,记录了岩浆混合演化的全过程,是难得的典型岩浆混合花岗岩体。此外,说明该区域地壳中当时有大量地幔物质的加入,代表了西准噶尔一次重要的地壳垂向生长事件。
The post-collision granites zone along with the Dalabute fault, of which the Xiaerpu rocks is the most important one, is the most concentrated zone of the West Junggar granites, where develops quite quantity of the Late Paleozoic granites. This dissertation is object on the Xiaerpu granites in the West Junggar, researching systematically from the field outcrop surveying, rock observing under the microscope,petrochemistry, tectonic setting,mather magmas traits, magmas evolvement, forming mechanisms and the contribution to crust vertical accretion. Below show the progresses:
l.The Xiaerpu granite composed of the host rocks, mafic microgranular enclaves and basic dykes, intruded into the Carboniferous sediments. The host rocks are composed of (quartz) diorite granodiorite and monzodiorite, gushingly intruding each other; the mafic microgranular enclaves mainly consist of quartzdiorite and diorite porphyrite, very common in all of the type of the host rocks, clear boundary or transitional boundary with host rocks; basic dykes are mainly comprised by diabase and minor diorite porphyrite, clear boundary with host rocks.
2. The Xiaerpu rocks develops abundant and typieal petrographical evidence of magma mixing. In field outcrop, dark mineral distribut asymmetrically, and dark mineral aggregation, Weenie mafic enclave, cingulum of ununiformity mixing are developed; mafic microgranular enclave shows the character of strong plastic distortion, have clear boundary or.transitional relationships with host rocks, develope back-vein and the capture feldspar phenocrysts (capture crystal); basic dyke swarm and mafic micogranular enclave accrete closely, distribute in the same direction, and basic dyke swarm develop the capture feldspar phenocrysts of the host rock, also are traversed by the back-vein of host rock. Under the microscope, the abnormal zoning of plagioclase and mang types of the disequilibrium mineral symbiosis are developed in enclave and cingulum of ununiformity mixing, the acicular apatite is developed in enclave.
3. The petrochemistry study shows, the host rocks rich in aluminum, calcium and magnesium belong to calc-alkali sub-aluminum or over-aluminum I-style granite, petrochemistricly similar with the mafic microgranular enclaves,but apparently different with the host rocks. The host rocks are rich in calcium and magnesium, whereas the mafic microgranular enclaves are rich in aluminum and ferrous ions. In dioxide-SiO2, FeOT-MgO and R1-R2 figure show a linear relationship in Hack and the mafic microgranular enclaves are above this evolvement line, whereas basic dykes owns.
4. The geochemistry research indicates, the host rocks and basic dykes are comparatively deficit in Nb and Ta. The host rocks are similar with I-style post-collision granite, whereas the mafic microgranular enclaves are in chaos with big component varies, which seems due to the different blending degree between these and the host rocks. The host rocks show lowΣRee, little riched LRee, low heavy rear earth element distribution degree, unapparently low Eu and 8Eu consistent with crust-mantle granites; the mafic microgranular enclaves show low ERee, nomal Eu or unapparently low Eu, high rear earth element distribution degree. Figures of denominator as Sr, the mafic microgranular enclaves have a linear relationship with the host rocks otherwise quite different with basic dykes. Moreover, in compatible element and inconsistent element figure, the host rocks and mafic microgranular enclaves show strong double diffusion.
5. It was indicated by the study that the age of the host rock, mafic microgranular enclave and basic dyke swam are 292.8±2.0Ma,295.7±8.0Ma and 294.0±5.0Ma, which is consistent with the arrangement of the error.they belong to the Early Permian. These illustrate that they are the production of the same event, which give the most important evidence of the magma mixing.
6. Combined with the geological characters of the nearby regions,the petrographic features of the magma mixing and the geochemistrical and isotopical geochemistrical characters. Xiaerpu granite belongs to the Post-collision Granite, which was related with the under-plating of the depleted upper mantle magma, the mantle-derived magma then moved throughout the faults, and convected with acid magma. The different degrees of magma mixing happened in the acid magma, from magma mixed rock to mafic microgranular enclaves, at last, the numerous basic dyke swams. Xiaerpu granite recorded the process of the mgma mixing, which is the rare and typical terrane originated from magma mixing. Besides, that show a mass of mantle magma go into the crust, standing for a important events of growth of the continental crust in West Junggar.
引文
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