摘要
高校学费政策作为教育公共财政政策的重要组成部分,其政策过程牵动着千万学子及其家庭的利益。目前,由于在中国普通高校学费政策制定与实施过程中,科学、规范、公正的政策评估系统的缺失,导致现行高校学费政策备受各方质疑。政策评估是政策过程中不可缺少的重要环节,只有建立起完整的高校学费政策评估系统才能使中国普通高校学费政策过程得到进一步优化和发展。
本文以中国普通高校学费政策评估为研究对象,主要内容包括:第一章阐述论文的选题背景与研究意义、研究对象与方法、研究思路与框架结构、可能创新之处。第二章梳理并评价国内外有关高校学费政策及教育政策评估的研究成果。第三章对中国高校学费政策及高校学费政策评估的概念进行界定;建立高校学费政策系统及其政策过程模型:阐述中国普通高校学费政策的历史变迁与现状;探讨影响中国普通高校学费政策的各种因素;基于公共经济学理论,对高等教育产品的提供方式及其定价机制进行了分析。第四章探讨了中国普通高校学费政策评估的主体和客体、评估环境、评估标准、评估指标体系以及评估实施程序,并构建中国普通高校学费政策评估系统模型。第五章对西安市5所普通高校在校生进行了问卷调研,分析了在校生的付费能力、付费意愿,调研了在校生对中国普通高校学费政策的了解程度及态度。并通过对10位高校教师的调研,对中国现行普通高校学费政策过程进行了综合评估,找出其政策过程中所存在的主要问题。第六章就进一步完善中国现行普通高校学费政策提出对策建议。第七章阐述论文的主要研究结论以及有待进一步研究的问题。
本文的主要结论为:第一,高校学费政策评估是高校学费政策过程中不可或缺的重要环节,是检验高校学费政策运行效果的基本途径,是决定中国普通高校学费政策走向的重要依据,是合理配置政策资源的基础、它有助于政策制定的科学化、民主化,也是政府构建良好公共关系的有效策略。第二,利用多指标综合评估方法对中国普通高校学费政策进行评估,其核心问题是构建评估指标体系。中国普通高校学费政策实施近10年时间,其政策效果已有所显现。因此,应从事后评估的角度出发,以普通高校学费政策的运行过程为标准建立综合评估指标体系。第三,对西安市5所普通高校的在校生抽样调研结果表明,学费支出占学生在校年均花费总额近一半,同时国家和学校提供的各种资助手段对减轻学生在校期间的学费负担方面作用有限;在校生就学直接开支总额占家庭收入的比例随着家庭年收入水平的提高而降低;在校生对中国普通高校学费政策的了解程度总体不高;目前在校生对中国高校学费政策的实施还是较为认同的;在校生之所以愿意通过支付学费接受高等教育,主要是为了获得更好的就业机会,有超过半数的学生认为高校提供的高等教育服务水平低于学生支付的学费水平;学生接受高等教育的意愿不会随着高校学费水平的提高而大幅度下降,表明在校生对高等教育服务有较强的付费意愿。第四,中国现行普通高校学费政策综合评估得分为71.46分,处于中等水平。中国普通高校学费政策存在的主要问题为:学生及其家庭获取普通高校学费政策相关信息能力较低;中国普通高校学费政策结果公平的缺失;中国普通高校学费政策目标定位不合理;中国普通高校学费政策标准制定的利益相关者参与性较低。
本文的主要创新为:第一,是研究方法的创新。本文研究中国普通高校学费政策评估时,主要依据公共政策分析理论建立起了中国普通高校学费政策的评估模型,并建立综合评估指标体系,为我国政府进行普通高校学费政策评估以及政策过程优化提供了方法,具有很强的实践性和应用性。第二,是论文研究角度的创新。本文主要使用来自于对受教育者及教育专家学者的问卷调查和访谈获得的微观个体数据为主来评估中国普通高校学费政策,而现有对中国普通高校学费政策的评估以经验研究和宏观数据分析为主,立足于对受教育个体的政策调研评估研究较少。第三,是在政策建议方面的创新。现有主流研究主要强调中国普通高校学费政策内容的改进,很少对中国普通高校学费政策过程本身提出建议。但是,一项公共政策的形成及其影响与其政策过程密不可分。本文则依据实证评估结论,针对中国普通高校学费政策在运行过程中存在的主要问题提出进一步规范和优化的建议。
University's policy of tuition is regarded as an important component of the public education financial policy, which affects interests of more than 10 million higher education students and their families. At present, the scientific, normal and judicial evaluation system of tuition policy for regular universities has not been set up in China, causes the current tuition fee policy to be queried by each side in scientific and normal, it is an indispensable important link in the policy process. The policy process of university's tuition would become further optimized in China, by setting up a comprehensive evaluation system for the university's policy of tuition.
The dissertation takes the evaluation for tuition policy of China's universities as research objects. The main contents of the dissertation include as follows. Chapter one explains the research background and significance, research object and methodology, research stream of thoughts and frame structure, as well as possible innovation of the dissertation. Chapter two reviews domestic and international literature on the evaluation for tuition policy. Chapter three defines the concept of the tuition policy and its evaluation of China's universities, sets up the system of the tuition policy and its policy process, analyzes policy's characteristics and functions, elaborates related historical changes and current situation, probes into various kinds of factors influencing the policy, and makes economics analysis on the offering way and fixing the price of the higher education products on the basis of the public economics theory. Chapter four discusses some issues, such as the subject and object, the environment, the standard, the indexes system, and the implemental procedure of the tuition policy evaluation for China's universities, to set up the evaluation system of the tuition policy. Chapter five carries the investigation of questionnaire on the students in five universities at Xi'an, analyzing their affordability and the willing of paying, and surveying and studying their understanding and attitudes on the tuition policy. In addition, 10 faculty of universities are investigated to making the comprehensive evaluation on the current tuition policy of universities in China, so as to find out principal problems existing in the current tuition policy of universities. Chapter six proposes some recommendations to improve the tuition policy of universities in China. Chapter seven presents main research conclusions of the dissertation, and the problems that will need studying further in the future.
Main conclusions of the dissertation are as follows. First, the evaluation of tuition policy is an indispensable important link in the process of university's tuition policy, which is a basic way to examine the operation result, determines the important basis of the policy moving forward, is the foundation of disposing policy resources rationally, contributes to the policy towards more scientific and democratic, and is effective tactics of structuring the good public relations.
Second, while utilizing the comprehensive evaluation method of many indexes to evaluate tuition policy of universities in China, it is critical to structure and assess the index system. The tuition policy of China's universities has been implemented near 10 years, some results of the policy has been appeared, either. It is thus necessary to establish the system of comprehensive evaluation indexes, based on the standard of operation process of the policy on the view of post-evaluation.
Third, some findings are gotten from the results of investigation and research on students at school in five universities at Xi'an, such as the tuition expenditure accounting for nearly half of students' total expenditure each year, but the effectiveness to relieve the student's burden by financial aids offered by government and university being limited; the proportion between students' direct payment and family income being reduced with the increase of family's annual income level; students not fully understanding the tuition policy of universities in China, although most of them agreeing on the implementation of university's tuition policy; the main reason of their preferring to pay the tuition and entering universities being to obtain better employment opportunity, but over half of students considering their tuition being not worthy with their enjoying higher education service offered by universities; the willing of students' joining higher education not dropping by a large margin with the increase of university's tuition level, indicating students' very strong expectation to pay higher education service.
Fourth, the result of the current tuition policy evaluation of universities in China is 71.46 out of 100. There are several problems of tuition policy in China, such as relevant information ability of students and their families being relatively low, the fair consequence of tuition policy of universities being not satisfied, the goal of tuition policy of these universities being some deviation, and the participation of persons who are correlated with of making the tuition standard being quite low.
There are some kinds of innovation inside the dissertation. First, it is the innovation of the research approach. While studying the evaluation on the tuition policy of universities, the evaluation system of the tuition policy of universities in China is constructed and built up by public policy analysis theory, the system of comprehensive evaluation index is established, and a practical advice of method for the government carrying on the evaluation to the tuition policy is offered. The second is the innovation of research perspective. The micro individual data in the dissertation are gotten by the questionnaire investigation and interview of the students and educational experts and scholars, but most of the current evaluation on tuition policy of universities in China takes analysis of experience research and macroscopically data, and lacking of the policy evaluation based on the investigation and survey of the educated individuals directly. Third, the current mainstream recommendations mainly emphasize the improvement on the content of the tuition policy of universities in China, but seldom suggest on the policy process of tuition policy. The recommendations for standardizing and optimizing the main existing problems of the tuition policy of universities in China are offered in the dissertation, on the basis of evaluating results of case studies.
引文
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