摘要
在20-wt%氯化钠溶液中添加单一和复合缓蚀剂,通过浸泡失重、动电位扫描极化、交流阻抗和表面形貌观察等方法研究了融雪剂对碳钢的缓蚀作用。结果表明:单独使用六偏磷酸钠的缓蚀率仅为74.3%,而六偏磷酸钠分别与苯甲酸钠、钨酸钠、磷酸钠和硅酸钠复配,六偏磷酸钠与硅酸钠复合的缓蚀效果最好。六偏磷酸钠与硅酸钠的最佳比为2:1(质量比),复合缓蚀剂浓度为6.0g·L~(-1),缓蚀率达97.2%。缓蚀剂在碳钢表面成膜,抑制腐蚀性介质对它的腐蚀。
采用干/湿循环实验模拟自然条件下钢筋在融雪剂中的腐蚀环境,测定添加不同缓蚀剂后碳钢的腐蚀速度。碳钢经过干/湿循环实验后,六偏磷酸钠和硅酸钠复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀率仍然较高。扫描电镜观察碳钢的表面形貌,碳钢试片光亮如初,复合缓蚀剂起到了协同作用。
融雪剂基体种类影响其适用温度。为了适应冬季较低温度的要求,本实验选用氯化钠与氯化镁(质量比为9:1)为融雪剂基料,分别添加六偏磷酸钠、D-葡萄糖酸钠和钨酸钠,用浸泡失重和电化学方法测试其对碳钢的缓蚀性能。为考察三元复合缓蚀剂的协同效应,采用正交实验优化缓蚀剂配比浓度,确定了氯化钠/氯化镁体系下缓蚀剂浓度和最优配比。实验结果表明,优化后的缓蚀剂配方比优化前用量降低。其中六偏磷酸钠的添加浓度不变,而D-葡萄糖酸钠的添加浓度由原来的0.6g·L~(-1)降低到0.4g·L~(-1),钨酸钠的添加浓度由原来的6.0g·L~(-1)降低到4.0g·L~(-1)。
The inhibitive effect of single and composite inhibitors on carbon steel was studied in 20-wt%sodium chloride solution by weight loss, polarization curves,EIS and SEM.The results indicated that the inhibitive efficiency of sodium hexametahposphate which was used alone was only 74.2%.Sodium hexametahposphate was compounded with sodium benzoate,sodium tungstate,sodium phosphate and sodium silicate.The inhibitive efficiency of composite inhibitor of sodium hexametahposphate and sodium silicate was best.The mass ratio of sodium hexametahposphate to sodium silicate was 2:1,the concentration of composite inhibitor was 6.0g·L~(-1),and the inhibitive efficiency was 97.2%.Film was formed on the surface of carbon steel,and inhibited it from being corrosion.
Drying and wetting process for carbon steel was imitated in deicing salt solution added different kinds of inhibitors.Corrosion rate of carbon steel was researched by dry/wet cyclic laboratory study.After 30 cycles, inhibitive efficiency of composite inhibitor of sodium hexametahposphate and sodium silicate was high.The surface of carbon steel was observed.It was bright as before.The composite inhibitor had synergy on carbon steel.
Different components of deicing salt have different application temperature.In order to meet the requirements of winter lower temperature,inhibitive effect of deicing salt(the weight ratio of sodium chloride to magnesium chloride is 9:1)added sodium hexametahposphate,D-sodium gluconate and sodium tungstate on carbon steel was studied.Synergy action of composite inhibitor was researched by orthogonal design experiment,and the best concentration and ratio of each component were fixed.The results showed that usage amount of optimized inhibitor was reduced and its inhibitive efficiency was higher.The concentration of sodium chloride was unchanged,the concentration of D-sodium gluconate was down from 0.6g·L~(-1)to 0.4g·L~(-1) and the concentration of sodium tungstate was down from 6.0g·L~(-1)to 4.0g·L~(-1).
引文
[1]程刚,韩萍,杜素军.融雪剂概况及存在的问题[J].山西交通科技,2004,5:45-46
[2]张建宏.融雪剂在高速公路中的应用[J].吉林交通科技,2001,4:34-36
[3]王久良,王德库,梁龙,等.融雪剂对混凝土抗冻耐久性的破坏性影响[J].吉林建材,2000,1:21-23
[4]洪乃丰.氯盐融雪剂是把“双刃剑”[J].城市减灾,2005,4:19-21
[5]赵莹莹,黄明月,肖光.融雪剂对环境的影响[J].吉林化工学院学报,2005,22(4):25-28
[6]骆虹,罗立斌,张晶.融雪剂对环境的影响及对策[J].中国环境监测,2004,20(1):55-57
[7]王军,袁俊生,孟兴智,等.除雪技术的开发现状[J].海湖盐与化工,2005,34(2):27-29
[8]洪乃丰.再议盐害与融雪剂[J].城市与减灾,2005,4:19-21
[9]肖进兵,刑军,孙永正,等.醋酸钙镁冰雪融化剂的制备及融冰效果小试[J].大连化工学院学报,2003,24(4):32-34
[10]程川海,刘凯,路新瀛.醋酸钙镁代替食盐作为融雪剂对钢筋腐蚀性问题的研究[J].公路,2005,12:137-139
[11]华平,张继武.鸡蛋壳制备乙酸钙冰雪融化剂的研究[J].中国资源综合利用,2005,5:9-12
[12]陈建滨,董红星.环保型道路融雪剂的研制[J].中国资源综合利用,2005,5:9-12
[13]王宝民,王立久,任铮钺,等.新型环保除冰剂研究[J].化学工程师,2004,10:65-66
[14]傅沛兴.北京道路冬季融雪剂问题研究[J].市政技术,2001,4:54-59
[15]韩春兰,刘宇娜,常洪林,等.浅谈新型融雪剂[J].纯碱工业,2004,1:24-25
[16]Kaes,Gertrude.Freezing-point-lowering composition and method[P].US 4448702.1984-05-15
[17]Peel.Deicing product obtained from pulp mill black liquor[P].US 4746449.1988-05-24
[18]程川海,路新瀛.新型融雪剂对碳钢的腐蚀性研究[J].建筑技术,2005,36(9):700-703
[19]程刚,杜素军,郑美军.道路融雪剂的研究[J].山西交通科技,2006,1:34-37
[20]陶鹏,许淳淳.干湿交替法研究融雪剂对钢筋的腐蚀行为[J].腐蚀与防护,2007,28(9):452-454
[21]秦炜,赵音延,戴猷元.醋酸钙镁盐的应用及开发[J].现代化工,2000,20(9):61-63
[22]杨思忠,辛建刚,卫红.北京某些立交桥混凝土耐久性破坏调查分析[R].北京:北京市市政工程研究院,1996
[23]杨全兵,吴学礼,黄土元.去冰盐引起的混凝土盐冻剥蚀破坏[J].混凝土,1996,6:29-35
[24]张剑波,张欣杰.科学使用融雪剂[J].河北林业,2006,1:40
[25]丛日晨,李芳,古润泽.融雪剂对城市园林植物伤害机理的研究[J].中国园林,2005,21(12):60-64
[26]吴文伟.融雪剂融雪技术与规范管理[J].环境卫生工程,2002,12(4):230-233
[27]洪乃丰.混凝土中氯盐与钢筋腐蚀的几个相关问题[J].工业建筑,2003,11:39-42
[28]扈显琦,梁成浩.交流阻抗技术的发展与应用[J].腐蚀与防护,2004,25(2):57-60
[29]崔晓莉,江志裕.交流阻抗谱的表示及应用[J].上海师范大学学报,2001,30(4):53-61
[30]李玉明,刘静敏,马光超,等.钼酸盐与磷酸盐、硅酸盐复配缓蚀剂的研究[J].腐蚀与防护,2004,25(6):248-251
[31]周琼花,杨道武,朱光平.钨酸盐与乌洛托品对碳钢协同缓蚀作用的研究[J].华北电力技术,2004,3:3-5
[32]郭良生,黄霓裳.自来水中碳钢缓蚀剂研究进展[J].腐蚀与防护,1999,20(8):337-339
[33]王业飞,由庆,赵福麟.一种新型咪唑啉复配缓蚀剂对A3钢在饱和CO_2盐水溶液中的缓蚀性能[J].石油学报,2006,22(3):74-78
[34]王延,周永红,杨成根,等.盐酸介质中脱氢松香基咪唑啉缓蚀剂对Q235钢缓蚀性研究[J].腐蚀与防护,1998,19(6):247-249
[35]孙立明,韦玉堂,张雪绒.盐水介质碳钢缓蚀剂的研究[J].河北化工,2004,6:57-58
[36]宋蔚,田禾,张津红.缓蚀剂的成膜机理分析[J].天津理工学院学报,2004,20(4):67-70
[37]张永君,杨昌柱,彭珂如,等.缓蚀剂与吸附作用[J].江西电力,1999,23(2):44-46
[38]冯英,王睿,李建波,等.盐水缓蚀剂AFP的合成及性能评价[J].石油与天然气化工,2004,33(4):284-285
[39]王延,周永红,宋湛谦,等.盐酸介质中脱氢松香基咪唑啉缓蚀剂对Q234钢缓蚀性研究[J].腐蚀与防护,1998,19(6):247-249
[40]朱蓓蓉,杨全兵,黄士元.除冰盐对混凝土化学侵蚀机理研究[J].低温建筑技术,2000.1:3-6
[41]高建明.一种钼系缓蚀剂配方缓蚀性能研究[J].腐蚀与防护,2006,27(3):151-152
[42]于静敏,柳鑫华,梁英华.钨酸盐作海水缓蚀剂可行性讨论[J].表面技术,2006,35(5):60-64
[43]李汉,巩运兰.聚磷酸盐缓蚀剂膜的组成及缓蚀剂里研究[J].天津商学院学报,1994,3:6-10
[44]杜敏,高荣杰,公萍.海水介质中缓蚀剂研究的回顾和展望[J].材料保护,2002,35(3):7-10
[45]吴庆余.缓蚀剂的协同作用[J].材料保护,1996,29(10):16-18
[46]秦文宁,王淑霞.钼酸盐系无机协同缓蚀剂的试验研究[J].油气天地面工程,2000,19(1):38-39
[47]穆振军,杜敏.天然海水中硫酸锌、葡萄糖酸钙和APG等复合缓蚀剂的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,34(2):238-244
[48]周琼花,蒋海利,蔡良琼.一种复合缓蚀剂对碳钢的协同缓蚀作用研究[J].长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),2002,17(1):77-79
[49]谷宁,李春梅.复配型缓蚀剂对碳钢的协同缓蚀作用[J].河北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(6):602-604
[50]李燕,陆柱.钨系水处理缓蚀剂的研究与应用[J].水处理技术,2000,26(6):321-325
[51]Refaey S A M.Inhibition of chloride pitting corrosion of mild steel by sodium gluconate [J].Applied Surface Science,2000,157(3):199-206
[52]赵冰,杜荣归,林昌健.三种有机缓蚀剂对钢筋阻锈作用的电化学研究[J].电化学,2005,11(4):382-386
[53]李建华,赵冰,杜荣归,等.D-葡萄糖酸钠对模拟混凝土孔隙液中钢筋的缓蚀作用[J].功能材料,2007,3(38):509-511
[54]蔡张理,蒋伏广,陆柱.含钨酸盐的气相防锈纸的研究[J].腐蚀与防护,1999,20(12):537-539
[55]李燕,张关永,陆柱.除氧中性水中钨酸盐对碳钢的缓蚀机理研究[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2000,20(6):349-354
