摘要
供应商管理库存(Vendor Managed Inventory, VMI)是一种新型集成化的库存管理策略,它将销售商的库存交与供应商进行管理,并由供应商进行补货决策。由于VMI使库存控制权发生了转移,造成了供应商的责任和权利不统一。实施过程中需要恰当的契约来协调供应商和销售商的利益,促使双方以公平、协作、互动的方式建立彼此的战略伙伴关系,进而优化整体供应链收益。
近些年来,关于VMI供应链契约的研究取得不少成果,已有的研究主要考虑随机市场需求或市场需求与价格相关,而考虑需求与促销努力相关和供应商具有生产不确定的研究却不多。所以本文在分析和总结国内外已有研究的基础上,做了如下研究：
首先在销售商促销努力影响市场需求的情况下,分析了供应商和销售商的决策问题以及集中控制模式下的决策水平,然后分别讨论了滞销库存补贴、销量回扣契约对供应链成员收益以及整体供应链绩效的影响。而后建立了引入滞销补贴的销量回扣契约模型,分析契约对供应链绩效的改善情况,并给出了实现供应链最优收益的条件。
其次在考虑销售商促销努力影响市场需求和供应商生产不确定的情况下,先后分析了集中和分散控制模式下供应商和销售商的决策问题,讨论了生产不确定对供应商潜在成本和决策的影响,并建立了销量回扣和回购相结合的契约模型。在此基础上,分析了契约对销售商、供应商决策以及整体供应链收益的影响。研究表明契约能够促使销售商增加促销努力和订货量,供应商增加计划生产量,从而改善供应链的收益,最后提出了进一步实现供应链最优收益水平的途径。
研究表明,适当的销量回扣契约能够改善VMI供应链绩效。我们的研究丰富了VMI供应链契约研究领域,为企业经营决策者在实施供应链协调时提供了理论依据。
Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is a new integrated supply chain management strategy. It allowed the supplier to manage the retailer's inventory and decide the replenishment. Because of the shift of the inventory control, it lacks of the unification of right and responsibility. The implementation process required contract to coordinate supplier and retailer, which urges them to build a strategic partnership with each other in a fair, collaborative and interactive way, and so that it can optimize the overall supply chain revenue.
Recent years, scholars have done much research on contract in VMI supply chain. The study mostly considered stochastic demand or that the market demand is related to product price. The study on contract which considered random yield and promotion effort effects on demand is rare. Therefore, this paper, which based on the analysis and summarization of existing research at home and abroad, has done the specific research:
Firstly we analyzed the optimal promotional effort and supply quantity of the centralized-control mode and VMI mode without contract in a single-period two-stage supply chain facing stochastic effort dependent demand. Then, a sales rebate contract model with retailer's paying the supplier a surplus subsidy for the products which are not sold out was established in VMI. The conditions whether the retailer pays the surplus subsidy to take part in the sales rebate contract are also analyzed and it showed that the contract can improve the supply chain revenue. Furthermore, the contract was modified and it was possible to realize the optimal revenue in supply chain.
Secondly, in the supply chain of VMI model which was characterized by random yield and stochastic promotion effort dependent demand, the decision-making of the supplier and retailer under centralized-control and decentralized-control were analyzed, the affection of the random yield to the potential cost and decision-making of supplier was discussed, the contract model combined sales rebate and buy-back was built. On this basis, the affection of contract to retailer and supplier's decision-making and the revenue of the whole supply chain were analyzed. The research showed that the contract can urge retailer to increase the promotion effort and order quantity, which can also urge supplier to increase the planned production quantity, and this can improve the revenue of the supply chain. Furthermore, the way to realize the best income of the supply chain was proposed.
The results showed that appropriate sales rebate would improve the performance of VMI supply chain. Our study enriched the field of research on coordination in VMI supply chain, and provided theoretical support to managers of enterprise.
引文
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