摘要
随着经济全球化的快速发展,企业信息化管理成为了现代企业提升竞争力的一项重要手段,而信息管理系统作为企业信息化的重要组成部分,必然成为了竞争的焦点。由于当前的信息系统软件开发激烈竞争和软件需求多样化的特点,对信息系统的开发带来了极大的风险,尤其是在工程项目中,其施工设计标准高、需求变化频繁和限制因素多等客观条件,使信息管理系统开发的难度越来越高。
一种基于实践、解决轻量级项目的敏捷软件开发方法为解决日益增多的信息管理系统软件开发问题带来了新的思路,其中极限编程方法作为最为成熟的一种敏捷开发方法以其高度的灵活性得到了极大的关注。本文基于极限编程方法灵活性特点对隧道工程成本控制系统进行需求分析与设计。
首先,研究隧道工程成本控制现有问题和特点,分析极限编程方法相对于传统开发方法需求获取的优势,设计极限编程成本控制开发管理规划。
然后,构建极限编程需求获取模型,完善原有需求获取方法,规避异常需求,并引入Kano模型思想,探求客户满意的优质需求。在此基础上,分析隧道工程成本控制系统总体结构,利用需求获取模型进行主要部门需求分析,并提炼出隧道工程成本控制通用需求。
最后,结合隧道工程成本控制系统应用环境,设计系统开发总体框架,依据极限编程管理规划,采用“测试驱动”,“简单设计”等极限编程设计思想,运用PowerDesigner工具,针对通用需求进行模块化设计,并结合中铁十八局中天山隧道工程项目成本控制系统进行实证研究。
With the rapid development of economic globalization, the enterprise information management has become an important way to enhance the competitiveness of modern cnterprises.Enterprise information management system as an important part of information technology, has become the focus of competition inevitably.The information system software development with the features of keen competition and requirement diversification, has brought the enormous risk to information system’s development.Especially,in the projects, it causes the development management system more and more difficult which because of the construction of the high design standards, the change of the requriment frequently and the other objective condition constraints.
The lightweight method based on agile software development project to address the growing problem of information management system software development has brought new ideas.Extreme programming method as one of the most Sophisticated method of agile development obtaines the greate attention by the high flexibility.The dissertation analyzes the costs control system requirements and design the model which based on characteristics of extreme programming flexibilityof the tunnel project.
Firstly, it studies exiting problems and characteristics of tunneling cost control, analyzes extreme programming requirement method advantages opposite in the tradition way. It designs extreme programming cost control development management planning.
Secondly, it builds extreme programming demand module, improves the original demand method, avoids requirement exception, and introduces the Kano module thinking, explores the high-quality customer satisfication reuirement. On this basis, it analyzes the tunnel construction cost control systems architecture. It analyzes the main sectors with demand module and refines the tunneling cost control commond needs.
At last, with the application of tunnel project cost control systems, it designs the overall framework of system development, based on extreme programming management planning; use Test-Driven Development, Simple Design extreme programming theorys and Power Designer tools to design the module according to the common requirement,and conducted empirical studies combining“China Railway Construction 18th Bureau Group Co, Ltd.”
引文
[1] RALAN B. Developing Activity Duration Specification Limits for Effective Project Control [J]. Europe Journal of Operational Research, 2006, 174: 1191-1204.
[2] RODNEY A S. IT Enhanced Project Information Management in Construction [J]. Automation Construction, 2007, 16(4): 511-517.
[3]李永奎.项目管理软件的应用现状与发展趋势[J].建筑与科技,2003.(9):72-73.
[4]温智红.建设工程项目管理信息化发展问题研究[J].现代情报,2005,(11):79-80.
[5]李宁远.浅谈工程项目管理的信息化[J].市场周刊·理论研究,2007,(7):72-73.
[6]绳晓庆.浅析我国工程项目管理信息化[J].大众商务,2009,(18):105.
[7] WESTNEY R E. Total Cost Management AACE-I Vision for Growth [J] .Cost Engineering, 1992, (34): 2-5.
[8] ORSHAN O. Life Cycle Cost: A Tool for Comparing Building Alternative [J]. Proceeding Symposium on Quality and Cost in Building, 1980, 1(3): 63-68.
[9] FLANAGAN R. Life Cycle Costing: Theory and Practice [M]. Oxford: BSP Professional Books, 1989: 31-34.
[10]柴君,邹国良.国外工程项目控制与管理对我国的借鉴意义[J].江苏地质,2003,27(1):113-117.
[11] KHANG D, MYINT Y. Time, Cost and Quality Trade-off in Project Management: A Case Study [J]. International Journal of Project Management, 1999, 17(4): 249-256.
[12] MOHAMMED S. Improving the Cost and Schedule Control System [J]. Cost Engineering, 1999, 41(7): 39-41.
[13]郑庆友.论施工项目管理与项目成本控制[J].科技创新导报,2009,(27):243.
[14]张宝岭,高树林.施工项目成本管理与控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009:89-90.
[15]田忠.浅谈施工企业工程项目的成本控制[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2008,(23):158-159.
[16]吴长金,浅谈施工项目管理中的成本控制[J].现代经济信息,2009,(17):226.
[17] ANDERSON A, BEANIE R. Goes to Extremes [J]. Distributed Computing, 1998, 11(4): 24-28.
[18] MORALES A. Going to Extremes [J]. SoftwareDeveloment, 2002, 10 (1):39-44.
[19] SCHUH P. Recovery, Redemption,and Extreme Programming [J]. IEEE Software, 2001, 18(6):34-41.
[20] MELNIK G, MAURER F. A Cross-program Investigation of Students Perceptions of Agile Methods [C]. Software Engineering, 2005:481-488.
[21] FOWLER, M. HIGHSMITH, J. The Agile Manifesto [J]. Software Development, 2001, 9(8):28.
[22]肖尔,活登.敏捷开发艺术[M].南京:东南大学出版社.2008:409.
[23]梁海华.朱淼良大型复杂项目的极限编程改造方案[J].软件技术与数据库,2008,34(11):88-90.
[24]黄志明.敏捷开发-XP在管理信息系统中实践与研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2009,5(10):2622-2623.
[25]段琳琳,王如龙.极限编程在软件项目开发中的研究与应用[J].计算技术与自动化,2008,27(1):128-130.
[26]黄剑宇.极限编程的实践与特点[J].福建电脑,2008,(12):59-60.
[27]廖瑞华,文海英.极限编程(XP)方法及其应用[J].电脑知识与技术,2009,5(27):7670-7671.
[28]张友生.浅析隧道工程成本控制[J].山西科技,2010,(2):25.
[29]林明泉,谭云兰.基于极限编程的电子政务考评平台的研究与开发[J].科技广场,2009,(5):177-179.
[30]瞿中,中渝.软件工程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:14-15.
[31]罗孟华,李军,黄益辉.瀑布模型在软件开发中的应用及其局限性[J].才智,2009,(9):251.
[32]施建忠.慎选开发模型[J].软件世界,2007,(1):44-45.
[33]张艳丽,李国彬.软件开发方法的几种过程模型研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2007,(7):176-178.
[34]贺亚茹.极限编程(XP):概念、特点和应用[J].新西部(下半月),2008,(12):159-160.
[35]黄志明,敏捷开发-XP在管理信息系统中实践与研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2009,(10):2622-2623.
[36]张俊英,徐俊刚.基于项目管理理论的软件需求开发管理模型研究[J].商场现代化,2009,(9):126-127.
[37]高云.论极限编程中的沟通[J].硅谷,2009,(20):64-65.
[38]邵家骏.质量功能展开[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:16-22.
[39] KANO N, SERAKU N. Attractive Quality and Must Be Quality [J]. The Journal of Japanese Society of Quality Control, 1984, (2):39-48.
[40] TAN K. Development of Innovative Products Using Kano’s Model and Quality Function Deployment [J]. International Journal of Innovation Management, 1999, 3(3):271-286.
[41]戴昌裕,杨增强.软件需求工程中常见问题及解决办法[J].软件导刊,2009, 8(3):39-40.
[42] MIKE C. User Stories Applied for Agile software Development [M]. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2004:75-82.
[43]王晓华,赵明。一种XP项目迭代周期估计方法[J].计算机应用,2007,27(5):1248-1250.
[44] KENT B, MARTIN F. Planning Extreme Programming [M]. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2001:45-50.
[45]黄庆,浅析软件项目管理中的需求变更控制[J].硅谷,2009,(2):50.
[46]宋长宏,需求变更的应对之道[J].科技创新导报,2009,(19):202-203.
[47]张栋梁,朱晓珺.基于.NET的在线作业管理系统的研究与设计[J].软件导刊,2010,9(6):63-64.
[48] REID K, DAVID J. Implications of test-driven development: a pilot study[C]. Companion of the 18th Annual ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-oriented Progrmaming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, Anaheim,2003:298-299.
[49]杨玉斌.试谈测试驱动开发理论与实践[J].电脑编程技巧与维护,2010,(6):6-7.
[50]易金刚.极限编程理论的研究[J].计算机时代,2010,(6):1-2.
[51] KENT B. Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change [M]. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2002:111-123.
[52]赵国安,王晓军.管理信息系统通用模块的设计[J].计算机工程,2008,14(34):49-51.
[53]何春俐,建模语言UML的研究[J].极限管理开发,2010,14(34):177-178.
[54]李艳明.中天山隧道敞开式TBM施工技术[J].铁道建筑,2009,(11):49-50.
